Chapter 1: An Overview of the AP Biology Exam
How You Should Use This Book
What to Bring to the Exam
Exam Format
Exam Grading
Whats on the Exam
Strategies for Multiple-Choice Questions
Strategies for Grid-In Questions
Strategies for Free-Response Questions
Taking the Practice Exams
PART I: SUBJECT AREA REVIEWS WITH REVIEWQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapter 2: Chemistry
Review
Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and BondsProperties of Water
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Chemical Reactions in Metabolic ProcessesReview Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 3: Cells
Review
Structure and Function of the CellProkaryotes and EukaryotesMovement of Substances
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 4: Cellular Respiration
Review
Energy Basics
Generating ATP
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mitochondria.
Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria
How Many ATP?
Anaerobic Respiration
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid FermentationReview Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 5: Photosynthesis
Review
Noncyclic PhotophosphorylationCyclic Photophosphorylation.Calvin Cycle
Chloroplasts.
Chemiosmosis in ChloroplastsPhotorespiration
Capturing Free Energy without Light
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 6: Cell Communication
Review
Signal Transduction PathwaysGated Ion Receptors
G Protein-Coupled ReceptorsProtein Kinase ReceptorsIntracellular Receptors
Disease and Cancer
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 7: Cell Division
Review
Mitosis and CytokinesisMitosis
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
Mitosis versus MeiosisGenetic Variation
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 8: Heredity
Review
Complete Dominance, Monohybrid CrossComplete Dominance, Dihybrid CrossTest Crosses
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Inheritance
Linked Genes
Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked InheritanceX-Inactivation
Nondisjunction
Human Genetic Disorders
Environmental Influences on Phenotypic ExpressionNon-Nuclear Inheritance
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 9: Molecular Biology
Review
Early Experiments
DNA Replication
Replication of Telomeres
DNA Repair
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
mRNA Processing
Translation
Mutations
Viruses
Prokaryotes
Regulation of Gene Expression
Biotechnology
DNA Cloning
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)Gel Electrophoresis and DNA FingerprintingConcerns About Biotechnology
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 10: Evolution
Review
Evidence for Evolution
Natural Selection
Sources of Variation
Causes of Changes in Allele FrequenciesGenetic (Hardy-Weinberg) EquilibriumSpeciation
Maintaining Reproductive IsolationPatterns of Evolution
Microevolution vs MacroevolutionThe Origin of Life
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 11: Biological Diversity
Review
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 12: Plants
Review
Gas Exchange in Plants
Control of Stomata
Transport in Plants
Fruit Ripening
Plant Responses to Abiotic StimuliPhotoperiodism and FloweringPlant Responses to Biotic Stimuli
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 13: Animal Form and Function
Review
The Nervous System
The Brain
The Immune System
The Endocrine System
Thermoregulation
The Respiratory System
The Circulatory System
The Excretory System
The Digestive System
The Muscular System
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 14: Animal Reproduction and Development
Review
Characteristics That Distinguish the Sexes
Gametogenesis in Humans
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
Factors That Influence Embryonic DevelopmentMechanisms That Control Gene Expression
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 15: Animal Behavior
Review
Kinds of Animal BehaviorGeneral Animal BehaviorsAnimal Movement
Animal Rhythms
Communication in AnimalsForaging Behaviors
Social Behavior
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Chapter 16: Ecology
Review
Population Ecology
Human Population Growth
Community Ecology
Coevolution
Ecological Succession
The Flow of Energy in EcosystemsSpecies Diversity and Trophic InteractionsBiogeochemical Cycles
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
PART II: LABORATORY REVIEW
Chapter 17: Review of Laboratory Investigations
Review
Summary of AP Biology Laboratory InvestigationsGraphing and Interpreting Data
Designing an Experiment
Statistical Analyses
Investigation 1: Artificial Selection
Part I: Artificial Selection of a Trait
Part II: Further Investigation of a Trait
Investigation 2: Modeling Evolution
Part I: A Mathematical Model for Evolution
Part II: Generate What If Scenarios
Investigation 3: Comparing DNA Sequences
Part I: Using BLAST to Find Evolutionary RelationshipsPart II: Additional Investigations Using BLAST
Investigation 4: Diffusion and Osmosis
Part I: Cell Surface Area
Part II: Diffusion and Osmosis
Part III: Observing Osmosis in a Living Cell
Investigation 5: Photosynthesis
Part I: Determining the Rate of Photosynthesis
Part II: Investigating Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis
Investigation 6: Cellular Respiration
Part I: Determining the Rate of Respiration
Part II: Investigating Factors That Affect the Rate of Respiration
Investigation 7: Mitosis and Meiosis
Part I: Modeling Mitosis
Part II: Evaluating an Environmental Effect on MitosisPart III: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Part IV: Modeling Meiosis
Part V: Crossing Over in Meiosis
Investigation 8: Bacterial Transformation
Part I: Transferring a Plasmid into a Bacterium
Part II: Determine Transformation Efficiency
Part III: Design Your Own Investigation
Investigation 9: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA
Part I: Review Restriction Enzymes
Part II: DNA Mapping
Part III: Separating DNA Fragments
Investigation 10: Energy Dynamics
Part I: Estimating Net Primary Productivity
Part II: Estimating Energy Flow Between Producers and ConsumersPart III: Investigating Additional Energy Flow Questions
Investigation 11: Transpiration
Part I: Density of Stomata
Part II: Factors That Influence Transpiration Rate
Investigation 12: Animal Behavior
Part I: Fruit Fly Response to Light and Gravity
Part II: Fruit Fly Response to Chemicals
Part III: Comparing Fruit Fly Preferences
Investigation 13: Enzyme Catalysis
Part I: Determine a Baseline for Peroxidase Activity
Part II: The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
Part III: Investigate Other Effects on Enzyme Activity
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Part III: AP BIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAMS
Equations and Formulas
Chapter 18: Practice Exam 1
Section I
Part A - Multiple-Choice
Part B - Grid-In
Section II
Answer Key for Practice Exam 1
Scoring Your Practice Exam
Section I (Multiple-Choice and Grid-In Questions)Section II (Free-Response Questions)