HowExpert Guide to Hardwood Flooring
How to Install and Maintain Hardwood Floors
HowExpert with Marc Hagan
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Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Hardwood Flooring
Hardwood floors have been in existence for thousands of years and were reserved for the extremely wealthy until around the 17th century. Once the wood industry gained access to the abundance of trees in North and South America, hardwood flooring became more common. Before the 17th century, hardwood floors were hand-hewn and smoothed out with actual sand until the sandpaper's invention in the 13th century. Once sawmills were invented in the late 16th century, the hardwood flooring industry started to resemble the one we see today.
Hardwood Flooring Today
Today hardwood floors come in a wide variety of colors, sizes, and species. Colors can range from the almost white of maple to the dark black of ebony. Planks can come in different thicknesses and widths, ranging from thin 1/20th of an inch to a 3-inch stair tread. The most common thickness is 3/4th of an inch. Typical plank widths range from a narrow 1 inch to as wide as 12 inches, with 2 th inches being the most common, but special boards have been made several feet wide. There are dozens of species and subspecies of hardwood flooring, the most common being oak, cherry, hickory, maple, and walnut. Hardwood floors also come in various installation options with the advent of manufactured planks and wood-like products such as laminate and vinyl planking.
Chapter 1: Knowing Your Subfloor
The subfloor is the floor underneath the floor you see; this is the base where a hardwood floor will be installed. In some older homes, pre-1950s, the subfloor is made of fir planks and has been refinished and is exposed. Subfloors come in two basic categories: wood or concrete. To know which kind of subfloor you have, you will have to tear up the pre-existing floor.
Tearing up the Existing Floor
The only way to get to your subfloor and prepare it for your new hardwood floor is to remove the existing floor covering it. Various floors cover your subfloor, including carpet, laminate, linoleum, sheet vinyl, tile, VCT, vinyl planks, or even an existing hardwood product.
Removal of Baseboards
Baseboards will need to be removed to install a new hardwood floor unless another type of trim will be used, such as base shoe or quarter round. Caulking can also be used to cover or fill the expansion gap (explained in chapter 4); this is not usually recommended but is common when installing linoleum or sheet vinyl products. When baseboards are caulked and painted, they will need to be cut at the top for easier removal. Use a sharp razor and utility knife to cut into the wall at the top of the baseboard. Cut into wall perpendicular to the baseboard, dragging knife along the top of the baseboard. Make sure you cut all the way through any caulking or paint. This is done so that while removing baseboards, the paint will not be pulled off the wall. If baseboards are not caulked at the top or paint has not been spread along baseboards and walls, they will not have to be cut at the top. This will be noticeable by a visible gap between the baseboard and wall.
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