Thornton W. Burgess - The Burgess Seashore Book for Children
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- Book:The Burgess Seashore Book for Children
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- Publisher:Dover Publications
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- Year:2012
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The Burgess Seashore Book for Children: summary, description and annotation
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Familiar burgess characters Danny Meadow Mouse, Jimmy Skunk, and Reddy Fox explore every nook and cranny of the shoreline and learn first hand about the habits and habitats of spider crabs, sea cucumbers, sand eels, and that strangest of little fishes the sea horse.
Veteran storyteller and nature lover Thornton W. Burgess provides fascinating information to young readers as he describes coastal areas along the Atlantic Ocean. Along the way he weaves the areas many life forms into an entertaining tale thats also an illustrated guide to the seashores natural history.
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Of necessity descriptions must be very general in character in the body of this book. Therefore, this appendix is inserted as an aid to identification of the various species described. The arrangement is according to groups, as being the most convenient method for the reader, and here again technical terms are avoided as far as possible.
DULSE ( Rhodymenia palmata ). The frond is hand-shaped, hence the name. Color dark purplish-red. Stem short, cylindrical, spreading into a fan-shaped membrane six to twelve inches long and two thirds as wide at top. Deeply cleft and each division in turn more or less indented on the outer margin. Fairly common on New England and California coasts, growing below low watermark. It is edible and is dried and sold in markets along the eastern coast.
IRISH MOSS ( Chondrus crispus ). The front has flattened stem, divided and subdivided in varying degrees, the whole being in general fan-shaped. Some divisions are only slightly indented along the margins, while others are so greatly indented as to be fringed in appearance. Found in shallow tide pools, it is white or whitish, sometimes with a tinge of pink. In deep water under shelter of rocks it becomes dark purplish-red. It is edible and once was much used along the coast in the making of blanc-mange. Common along the shore from New York north.
SEAWEED ( Chorda filum ). Stringlike; one to forty feet in length, though usually twelve or less. One fourth to one half inch in diameter, tapering at each end. Hollow, divided into sections internally. Young plants covered with fine transparent hairs, but older plant brown and leatherlike. Often grows in masses below low watermark and is common along northern shores.
SEAWEED ( Laminaria saccharina ). This is commonly called the Sea Tangle. It is ribbon-like in the lamina, or leaf, and has a short, solid stem, which may be three inches to four feet long. The lamina, or leaf proper, may be three to thirty feet long and six to eighteen inches wide. The margin is much waved and the plant is olive green in color and semi-transparent. Its Latin name is taken from a saccharine substance which it contains. This weed is found along the northern shores of the Atlantic and Pacific.
SEAWEED ( Ulva latissima ). Largest of the genus. Frond a flat membrane of indefinite shape, as a rule roughly oval in outline. It is twelve to twenty-four inches long; sometimes much lobed, often perforated with small holes and is smooth, glossy, and green in color. Very common on muddy shores.
AMERICAN BITTERN ( Botaurus lentiginosus ). Heron family. Common names, Marsh Hen, Pump Bird, Stake Driver. Adult sexes are alike. General color light brown; top of head and back of neck bluish-slate with buffy markings. On each side of neck is a long velvety black patch. Bill usually pale yellowish or yellowish-green. Legs and feet yellowish-green. Tail short and rounded. Back generally brown. Wings brown, tipped with black. Neck long, as with all members of the Heron family. Flies with head drawn back on shoulders and legs straight out behind. Length 23 to 34 inches; wing spread 32 to 50 inches.
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON ( Nycticorax nycticorax naevius ). Heron family. Common name, Quawk. Adult sexes are alike. Forehead, neck and underparts white or whitish; crown, back and scapulars black with a bluish or greenish gloss. In breeding season usually three long, narrow, white tapering feathers depend from back of head. Rump and tail coverts, wings and tail, pale bluish-gray. Legs and feet yellow. Bill stouter than with most Herons. Neck long and carried back on shoulders in flight. Length 23 to 28. Wing spread 43 to 48.
BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER ( Squatarola squatarola cynosur ). Plover family. Other common names, Black-breast, Black-heart, Bullhead, Beetle-head, Chuckle-head. Adult sexes practically alike. Strictly speaking, this bird is not black-bellied, but is black-breasted, the lower belly being white. The tail also is white barred with black. The sides of the head and neck and upper breast are white. Top of head, back of neck and back, more or less brownish-black. Bill black. Front toes webbed at the base. Hind toe very small and higher than others. Length 10.50 to 13.65 inches. Spread of wing 22 to 25 inches. Weight 6 to 10.5 ounces.
COMMON TERN ( Sterna hirundo ). Gull family. Other names, Wilsons Tern, Mackerel Gull, Sea Swallow, Summer Gull. Adult sexes alike. Top of head and forehead deep black. Back and wings pearl-gray. Throat white. Breast and underparts pale gray. Tips of outer primaries black. Tail deeply forked. Bill red at base and black at tip. Length 13 to 16 inches. Wing spread 29 to 32 inches.
PIPING PLOVER ( Charadrius melodus ). Plover family. Other names, Ring-neck, Beach Bird, Clam Bird, Pale Ring-neck. Adult sexes alike. Top of head and back very light brown. Cheeks same color. Underparts, throat, forehead and line above eye, white. A line of black between forehead and top of head. A narrow collar of black at base of throat, sometimes extending completely around the neck. Bill orange with black tip. Legs and feet orange. Outer pair of tail feathers blackish near tips. Primaries blackish. Length 6 to 7.80 inches. Wing spread 14 to 16 inches.
SEMIPALMATED PLOVER ( Charadrius semipalmatus ). Plover family. Other common names, Ring-neck and Little Ring-neck. Adult sexes alike. Top of head, back and wings, brown. Forehead, throat and collar extending around the neck, white. Below this is a black collar. Underparts white. Tail blackish near end. Bill yellow with black tip. Legs and feet yellowish to orange. Feet with small webs at base of toes, giving the bird its name. Length 6.50 to 8.05 inches. Wing spread 14 to 16 inches.
LEAST SANDPIPER ( Pisobia minutilla ). Sandpiper family. Common names, Peep, Mud-peep. Adult sexes alike. This is the smallest of the sandpipers. Top of the head rather buffy, streaked with blackish. Over the eye is a broad light streak; back a general brownish color, marked with black, the feather centers being blackish. Underparts white. Slender black bill. Legs and feet greenish to yellowish-green. This bird is sparrow size, but with long legs. Length 5 to 6.76 inches. Wing spread 11 to 12.17 inches. Frequents mud flats in marshes.
SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER ( Ereunetes pusillus ). Sandpiper family. Common names, Peep, Sandpeep, Beach Peep, Oxeye. Adult sexes alike. Closely resembles the Least Sandpiper, but may be distinguished by small web at base of toes, stouter bill and blackish legs and feet. Length 5.50 to 6.86 inches. Wing spread 11.14 to 12.80 inches. Frequents beaches rather than mud flats.
GREATER YELLOWLEGS ( Totanus melanoleucus ). Tattler family. Other common names, Winter Yellowlegs, Big Yellowlegs, Greater Tattler, Greater Telltale. Adult sexes alike. This bird resembles a giant sandpiper. The upper parts are dark brown to blackish, the head and neck being streaked and the back spotted with white or ashy color. The middle of the belly is white. The breast and sides are heavily spotted with brown to black. The legs are yellow. Between the outer and middle toes is a small web connecting the bases. The bill is black, long and slender. White tail coverts are conspicuous. Length 12.15 to 15 inches. Wing spread 23 to 26 inches. Weight 5 to 10 ounces.
HERRING GULL ( Larus argentatus ). Gull family. Common names, Harbor Gull, Gray Gull, Winter Gull. Adult sexes alike. Head, neck, breast and underparts white. Wings and back pale bluish-gray. Primaries marked with black and white spots. Bill yellow with spot of red on the lower mandible. Legs and feet pale flesh color. Length 22.50 to 26 inches. Wing spread 54 to 58 inches.
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