Vladik Kreinovich - From Intervals to –? : Towards a General Description of Validated Uncertainty

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In many real-life situations, we are interested in the physical quantities that are difficult or even impossible to measure directly. To estimate the value of such quantity , we measure the values of auxiliary quantities that are related to by a known functional relation , and we then use the results of measuring to find the desired estimate . Due to measurement errors, the measured values are slightly different from the actual (unknown) values . In other words, we have a nonzero measurement errors . As a result, our estimate is different from the actual value of the desired quantity.

When a measured quantity is described by a number, then we usually know the upper bound on the absolute value of the measurement error. In this case, after we get the measurement result