Kathleen Connors - Heat

A LOOK AT PHYSICAL SCIENCE HEAT

KATHLEEN CONNORS

A LOOK AT PHYSICAL SCIENCE

HEAT

BY KATHLEEN CONNORS

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Connors, Kathleen, author. Title: Heat / Kathleen Connors. Description: New York : Gareth Stevens Publishing, [ 2019] | Series: A look at physical science | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017046113| ISBN 9781538221471 ( library bound) | ISBN 9781538221495 ( pbk. ) | ISBN 9781538221501 ( pack) Subjects: LCSH: Heat--Juvenile literature. | Thermodynamics--Juvenile literature. Classification: LCC QC256 . C657 2019 | DDC 536--dc23 LC record available at https: //lccn. loc. gov/2017046113

Published in 2019 by Gareth Stevens Publishing East 14th Street, Suite New York, NY 10003

Copyright 2019 Gareth Stevens Publishing

Designer: Samantha DeMartin Editor: Kristen Nelson

Photo credits: Series art Creative Mood/Shutterstock. com; cover, p. weintel/ Shutterstock. com; p. ( sauna) Przemyslaw Wasilewski/Shutterstock. com; p. ( sun) Aphelleon/ Shutterstock. com; p. ( hot tub) Bill Kennedy/Shutterstock. com; p. ( campfire) prnkk/ Shutterstock. com; p. Vereshchagin Dmitry/Shutterstock. com; p. gpointstudio/ Shutterstock. com; p. Karana/Shutterstock. com; p. Ilya Marchenko/Shutterstock. com; p. Narith Thongphasuk/Shutterstock. com; p. Designua/Shutterstock. com; p. Anna Jurkovska/Shutterstock. com; p. Oliver Britton/Shutterstock. com; p. corbac40/Shutterstock. com; p. Samo Trebizan/Shutterstock. com; p. LStockStudio/ Shutterstock. com; p. Romolo Tavani/Shutterstock. com; p. ( fire) Rvector/ Shutterstock. com; p. ( oven mitts) Shahin Aliyev/Shutterstock. com; p. ( ice cubes) Great_ Kit/Shutterstock. com; p. ( thermometer) EGOR_21/Shutterstock. com.

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CONTENTS

Heat Is Energy

The Need for Balance

Creating Heat

Measure It!

The State of Matter

Heat Movement and Transfer

Heat Radiation

Heat Basics

Glossary

For More Information

Index

Words in the glossary appear in bold type the first time they are used in the text

HEAT IS ENERGY

Heat takes many forms on Earth, from sunlight to hot water in the shower to the heat in an oven used to cook dinner. In all forms, heat is always energy! Heat is only one kind of energy at work on Earth.

MAKE THE GRADE

Thermodynamics is the study of energy, such as heat, moving around systems.

THE NEED FOR BALANCE

When energy moves from one system to another because of a temperature difference, thats heat! The highest temperature matter or area in a system is called the heat source. A lower temperature matter or area is called the heat sink.

MAKE THE GRADE

Energy moves in order for a system to have equilibrium.

HEAT SINK

HEAT SOURCE

Heat moves from the heat source to the heat sink. This energy movement cant be seen because it happens between atoms and molecules. That means when you get warmer, you wont be able to see it happening!

MAKE THE GRADE

All energy moves on the atomic level, not just heat.

CREATING HEAT

The chemical reaction of burning makes heat. Another way heat is made is through friction. Heat is also made and lost when work is done inefficiently. This happens all the time, such as when a car engine runs or when muscles are used!

MAKE THE GRADE

A chemical reaction is what happens when matter mixes with something else and it causes changes in the matter.

MEASURE IT!

Temperature is a measurement that tells how hot or cold something is. It measures the speed at which the particles in matter are moving. The faster the particles are moving, the higher the temperature.

MAKE THE GRADE

The slower the speed of matters particles, the lower the temperature.