Ian Graham - What Do We Know about the Solar System?
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- Book:What Do We Know about the Solar System?
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- Publisher:Capstone
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- Year:2011
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This book explains the evidence that supports our understanding of the solar system, including the very latest discoveries.
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| Date | Mission | Description |
| 1950s | ||
| Oct. 4, 1957 | Sputnik 1 | first artificial satellite to go into orbit around Earth |
| Jan. 2, 1959 | Luna 1 | first spacecraft to fly past the Moon |
| Oct. 7, 1959 | Luna 3 | took the first photographs of the far side of the Moon |
| 1960s | ||
| Apr. 12, 1961 | Vostok 1 | carried Yuri Gagarin, the first man to orbit Earth |
| Aug. 27, 1962 | Mariner 2 | first successful interplanetary space probe flew past Venus |
| Nov. 28, 1964 | Mariner 4 | first spacecraft to fly past Mars |
| Jan. 31, 1966 | Luna 9 | first lunar lander |
| Dec. 21, 1968 | Apollo 8 | first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon |
| July 20, 1969 | Apollo 11 | first manned landing on the Moon |
| 1970s | ||
| Sept. 12, 1970 | Luna 16 | first robotic sample return from the Moon |
| Nov. 10, 1970 | Luna 17 | first unmanned lunar rover explores the Moon |
| May 19, 1971 | Mars 2 | first spacecraft to land on Mars |
| May 30, 1971 | Mariner 9 | first spacecraft to orbit another planet (Mars) |
| Mar. 2, 1972 | Pioneer 10 | first spacecraft to fly past Jupiter |
| Apr. 5, 1973 | Pioneer 11 | first spacecraft to fly past Saturn |
| Nov. 3, 1973 | Mariner 10 | first spacecraft to fly past Mercury |
| June 8, 1975 | Venera 9 | first pictures from the surface of Venus |
| Aug. 20, 1977 | Voyager 2 | flew past Jupiter and Saturn, and also first spacecraft to fly past Uranus and Neptune |
| Sept. 5, 1977 | Voyager 1 | flew past Jupiter and Saturn |
| Aug. 12, 1978 | ISEE-3 | studied the effect of the solar wind on Earths magnetic field, and the first spacecraft to fly past a comet (Giacobini-Zinner) |
| 1980s | ||
| Apr. 12, 1981 | Columbia | first launch of the U.S. space shuttle |
| Jan. 25, 1983 | IRAS | launch of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, the first spacecraft to photographthe whole sky at infrared wavelengths |
| July 2, 1985 | Giotto | flew past Halleys Comet |
| Oct. 18, 1989 | Galileo | first asteroid fly-by, first asteroid moon discovery, first Jupiter atmospheric probeand first fly-by of Jupiters largest moons |
| Nov. 18, 1989 | COBE | launch of the Cosmic Background Explorer, which discovered radiation left over fromthe Big Bang |
| 1990s | ||
| Apr. 24, 1990 | Hubble Space Telescope | orbital space telescope |
| Dec. 2, 1995 | SOHO | launch of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) to study the Sun and spaceweather |
| Feb. 17, 1996 | NEAR | first spacecraft to fly past a near-Earth asteroid, orbit a near-Earth asteroid (Eros),and land on it |
| Dec. 4, 1996 | Mars pathfinder | landed the first rover vehicle, called Sojourner, on Mars |
| Oct. 15, 1997 | Cassini-Huygens | first spacecraft to orbit Saturn, also landed a small probe on Titan, one of Saturnsmoons |
| Nov. 20, 1998 | International Space Station | launch of the first part of the International Space Station |
| Feb. 7, 1999 | Stardust | first spacecraft to collect dust from a comets coma and bring it back to Earth |
| 2000s | ||
| Aug. 8, 2001 | Genesis | first spacecraft to collect particles of the solar wind and bring them back to Earth |
| June 10, 2003 | Spirit and | rover vehicles that arrived on Mars in 2004 and were |
| July 7, 2003 | Opportunity | intended to last three months, but were still working in 2010, although Spirit becamestuck in soft soil in 2009 |
| Mar. 2, 2004 | Rosetta | due to rendezvous with comet ChuryumovGerasimenko in 2014, Rosetta will orbit thecomet and put a lander on it |
| Jan. 12, 2005 | Deep Impact | sent a small impactor to collide with comet 9P/Tempel 1 so that the material kickedout into space can be analyzed |
| Jan. 19, 2006 | New Horizons | will be first spacecraft to do close-up study of Pluto, due to reach Pluto in 2015 |
| Distance from Sun | Diameter | Number of moons | Length of day (sunrise to sunrise) | |
| Mercury | 58 million km | 4,880 km | 0 | 176 Earth-days |
| Venus | 108 million km | 12,104 km | 0 | 117 Earth-days |
| Earth | 150 million km | 12,756 km | 1 | 24 hours |
| Mars | 228 million km | 6,794 km | 2 | 24.6 hours |
| Jupiter | 779 million km | 143,000 km | 63 | 9.8 hours |
| Saturn | 1.4 billion km | 120,000 km | 60 | 10.2 hours |
| Uranus | 2.9 billion km | 51,120 km | 27 | 17.2 hours |
| Neptune | 4.5 billion km | 49,530 km | 13 | 16.1 hours |
More moons are still being discovered around the gas giants. By the year 2000, only18 of Jupiters moons were known. By 2003, more than 40 more had been discovered.More are likely to be discovered in future.
The exact number of Saturns moons is unclear but it is usually listed as at least60.
Books
Couper, Heather, and Nigel Henbest. DK Encyclopedia of Space. New York, NY: DK Publishing,2009.
Farndon, John. Exploring the Solar System. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library, 2008.
Grego, Peter. Discovering the Solar System. North Mankato, MN: QEB Publishing, 2007.
Harris, Joseph. Space Exploration: Impact of Science and Technology. Pleasantville,NY: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2010.
Jefferis, David. Space Probes: Exploring Beyond Earth. New York, NY: Crabtree PublishingCompany, 2009.
Stott, Carole. Space Exploration. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley, 2010.
Trammel, Howard K. The Solar System . New York, NY: Childrens Press, 2010.
Websites
http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/kids/index.cfm
Fun things to read and do from the U.S. space agency NASA.
http://athena.cornell.edu/kids/rover_human.html
See how you compare to a Mars rover.
http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/en/kids/mars_rocket.shtml
Go on a mission to Mars.
http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/index.cfm
Find out more about the planets and their moons.
www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/LifeinSpace.html
Find out more about space exploration and life in space.
Places to visit
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC.
http://www.nasm.si.edu/
Kennedy Space Center, Orlando, FL, the nations most comprehensive museum of space. http://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/visit-us.aspx
Topics to investigate
Extraterrestrial life
Life may have developed on other planets or moons differently from life on Earth.What might life on other planets or moons look like?
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