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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Edsberg, Lennart, 1946
Introduction to computation and modeling for differential equations / Lennart Edsberg.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-27085-1 (cloth)
1.Differential equationsData processing. 2. Differential equationsMathematical models. I. Title.
QA371.5.D37E37 2008
515.350285dc22
2007046848
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the Memory of Professor Germund Dahlquist
a Warm-hearted Humanist
and
a Great Numerical Analyst
List of Figures
General and particular solution |
Propagation of a solution of the advection equation |
3D graph of a propagating solution |
An example of numerical instability |
An example of insufficient accuracy |
Numerical solution of the advection equation |
A BVP compared with an IVP |
Asymptotic stability and stability |
Eigenvalues in the complex plane |
Stability of critical points |
Particle dynamics in 2D |
Planetary motion in 2D |
A simple electrical network |
Block diagram of a servo mechanism |
A simple compartment model |
Example of solution trajectories |
Example of phase portraits |
loglog diagram showing the order of accuracy for explicit Euler |
Graphical definition of the local and global errors |
Solution of Robertsons problem, in linear and logarithmic diagrams |
Stability region of Eulers explicit method |
Stability region for Eulers implicit method |
Stability region for the trapezoidal method |
Stability region for the classical Runge-Kutta method |
Numerical instability for the leap-frog method |
Measurements and solution curves before and after the Gauss-Newton method |
Steady heat transport by a fluid through a pipe |
Concentration profile in a spherical catalyst particle |
Displacement of a loaded beam |
Counter flow heat exchange |
Blasius boundary layer flow |
Example showing nonuniqueness for a BVP |
Spurious oscillations in the advection-diffusion equation |
Graph showing the idea behind the shooting method |
A piecewise linear ansatz function |
A piecewise linear basis function, a roof function |
The derivative of a roof function |
The fundamental solution of the heat equation, = 1 |
DAlemberts solution of the wave equation, c = 1 |
The geometrical meaning of the normal derivative |
Region of definition, , in the x-t-plane |
3D visualization of a solution u(x,t) of the heat equation |
Hot flow in a cylindrical pipe |
2D model of time-dependent flow in a pipe |
2D grid of |
Stencil for the heat equation |
Stencil moving along the grid |
Grid for a MoL discretization |
Unstable numerical solution of the heat equation |
Crank-Nicolsons method |
Region and boundaries for a rectangular heat conduction problem |
The flow around a circular obstacle |
Deformation of an elastic plate |
Minimal surface problem |
2D grid |
Stencil for discretized laplacian. |
Ordering of unknowns |
The region discretized with the FDM |
A region to be discretized with the FEM |
Triangular discretization of a region |
A pyramid function |
Local numbering of the nodes of a linear element |
Solution of the wave equation |
Solution of the advection equation |
Characteristics for the nonlinear advection equation |
Characteristics for the linear advection equation |
Evolution of density and temperature for Eulers 1D model |
Stencil for the FTBS method |
Stable and unstable numerical solution of the advection equation |
Stencil for central differences applied to the wave equation |
Spring-damper System |
The vibrating string |
Tank filled with water |
Continuously stirred tank reactor |
Illustration of the continuity equation |
Hot fluid in a cylindrical pipe |
Solution of heat conduction problem with Comsol Multiphysics |
Simple electric circuit |
Pipe with fluid heated by an electric coil |
Region and boundaries for a rectangular heat problem |
Discretization of the rectangular region |
Region and boundary conditions for the L-shaped area |
Preface
This material is developped from a course in Numerical Solution of Differential Equations given at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm. This specific course is directed to masters degree students in the program Scientific Computing and to students from application-oriented programs such as chemical, mechanical, and material engineering. The goal is to give an introduction to scientific computing for differential equations. One problem encountered for a course like this was to choose an appropriate textbook covering 1) mathematical modeling and numerical solution, 2) ordinary and partial differential equations, and 3) finite difference and finite element methods.
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