Bridget Heos - What Are Measurements?

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Published in 2015 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc.) in

association with The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010

Copyright 2015 The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., and Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopaedia

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First Edition

Britannica Educational Publishing

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Mary Rose McCudden: Editor, Britannica Student Encyclopedia

Rosen Publishing

Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Executive Editor

Nelson S: Art Director

Nicole Russo: Designer

Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager

Amy Feinberg: Photo Researcher

Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Heos, Bridget, author.

What are measurements?/Bridget Heos. First edition.

pages cm (Lets find out! Physical science)

Includes bibliographical references.

Audience: Grades 3-6.

ISBN 978-1-62275-508-0 (eBook)

1. MeasurementJuvenile literature. I. Title.

QA465.H467 2015

530.8dc23

2014006026

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p. Willie B. Thomas/Vetta/Getty Images;

p. Bernd Leitner/Getty Images.

A measurement is the size, amount, or degree of an item.

Many things can be measured, including length, area,

volume, angles, weight, temperature, and time.

Using a protractor, a carpenter is measuring an angle

so that he knows where to cut the board. Precise

measurements are important in construction and

many other fields.

Different measurements

require different tools. For

example, to measure the

length of a piece of wood,

you could use a ruler. But to

measure temperature, you

would use a thermometer.

Different units are

used, too. Length can be

measured in meters (in

the metric system) or feet

(in the English system).

There are also smaller and

larger units. The important

thing is that each unit

always represents the same

standard.

A unit is a definite

quantity used as a

standard of measurement.

A thermometer

measures temperature.

As you can see, this

thermometer is measuring

something very cold. How

many degrees below zero

is it showing?

In order to be accurate, all measurements must make a

comparison with something called a standard. A standard

is an amount upon which everyone agrees. Units are the

names for different standards. For example, one unit for

weight is the gram. Everyone agrees that 1 gram is a certain

amount of weight. Two grams equal twice that amount,

and so on.

Some standards are based on fundamental laws of nature.

For instance, the meter is defined as the distance traveled by

One gram means

the same thing

everywhere. That way,

when people bake

cakes, they always use

the right amount of

sugar.

light in a vacuum during a

period of 1/299,792,458th

of a second. Other

standards are physical

items. For example, the

kilogram is measured as

being equal to the mass of

an actual metal cylinder.

This cylinder is housed in

France and is known as the

international prototype

kilogram.

The original kilogram

standard is kept under

glass at the International

Bureau of Weights and

Measures in France. It

is made of platinum and

iridium.

What if there were no

standard measurements?

If you and somebody else

both measured the length

of a room with your

feet, for instance, what

problem might arise?

Throughout history, people have

come up with many systems

of measurement. The two

most widely used are the

English system and

the metric system.

In the English system,

the inch is a unit of

length. There are 12

inches in 1 foot and 5,280

feet in 1 mile. The cup is a

unit of volume. There are 2

A gallon (as in a gallon of milk or orange juice) is a unit in

the English system. In the United States, drinks are sold

in both liters (metric) and gallons (English).

cups in 1 pint, 2 pints in 1 quart, and 4 quarts in 1 gallon.

The ounce is the unit of weight. There are 16 ounces in a

pound and 2,000 pounds in a ton.

Many unit names come from everyday objects used

to measure things hundreds of years ago. The length

of a persons foot was used to measure short distances,

for example, and a household cup was used to measure

liquids. Eventually people set

standards. The English system

became the first worldwide

system of measurement.

How many cups are

in a gallon?

The unit foot is

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