Spellman - Water and wastewater conveyance: pumping, hydraulics, piping, and valves

Water and Wastewater Conveyance

Pumping, Hydraulics, Piping, and Valves

Water and Wastewater Conveyance

Pumping, Hydraulics, Piping, and Valves

Frank R. Spellman

CRC Press

Taylor & Francis Group

6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300

Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

No claim to original U.S. Government works

Printed on acid-free paper

Version Date: 20160411

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-7172-6 (Hardback)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Spellman, Frank R., author.

Title: Water and wastewater conveyance : pumping, hydraulics, piping, and valves / author, Frank R. Spellman.

Other titles: Water and wastewater conveyance

Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016002529 | ISBN 9781498771726 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Waterworks. | Hydraulics. | Pumping machinery.

Classification: LCC TD485 .S6635 2016 | DDC 628.1--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016002529

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Contents

Designing pumping and conveying equipment and systems is a science; maintaining and operating them can be considered an art. This is not a pump design book; it discusses limited conveyance engineering aspects, but it is not an engineering text. This book does not focus on the higher mathematics and science involved with pump design and pump engineering. This book focuses on the components related to the conveyance of water and wastewater; moreover, it discusses the art of operating and maintaining pumping and ancillary equipment. Thus, this book is for pump, pipe, and valve operators and maintenance personnel. Again, specifically, this book deals with the conveyance of water and wastewater. Anyone who has worked in various water utilities, including water or wastewater facilities, knows that piping and valves are the major conduits and critical controls, respectively, that enable the proper collection, treatment, and distribution of water and the proper treatment and discharging (outfalling) of wastewater.

The intent of Water and Wastewater Conveyance: Pumping, Hydraulics, Piping, and Valves is to provide fundamental, basic information on the means of conveying water and wastewater. The material presented in this text provides the information necessary for water or wastewater operators to develop a better understanding of pump operation fundamentals, applications, and maintenance procedures, as well as proper preventative maintenance and troubleshooting procedures.

Nearly everyone in the water or wastewater treatment industry can tell you flat out that times are changing. Some of the changes are dramaticprivatization, for example. Other changes are more subtle and affect plant maintenance activities in less profound but still important ways. Consider just one small example of these recent changes. In the past, plant electric motor controllers contained many electromechanical control devices. Today, these antiquated devices have been replaced by more compact and efficient microelectronic solid-state devices that reduce electrical maintenance requirements. Some changes are more apparent; for example, many treatment plants have replaced routine operator sampling functions (including the operators, in some cases) with automatic samplers. Moreover, the computer-assisted or managed process operations now being employed are managed and monitored by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The management information age has had a dramatic impact on the industry, and continues to do so. Think about it. Turning a valve on some plant unit process used to be done manually, but today many of these same valves are operated by electromechanical valve operatorseither automatically by electronically sensing various parameters or through initiation of the correct computer-initiated and -controlled operation.

Change is both inevitable and ongoing; however, in water and wastewater work, I see one fundamental tool that I predict will stay the same. The heart that creates the pulse (literally) of both water and wastewater operations remains the simple hydraulic machinethat is, the pump. Because the hydraulic pump is so perfectly suited to the tasks it performs, and because the principles that make the pump work are so profoundly fundamental, the idea that any new device could ever replace the pump is almost incomprehensible and difficult to imagine. The hydraulic pump is the workhorse of water and wastewater operations and is unlikely to be replaced any time soon or in the foreseeable future.

But, one observation I have made in facility after facility puzzles me. If the pump, the hydraulic heart of water and wastewater treatment, is so basic and so widely accepted throughout the industry, why is this critical machine so frequently and blatantly ignored, abused, or disregardeduntil it breaks down? When the heart in the human body malfunctions, the entire body is affected, and this is true for pumps in any critical application. When they fail, they can affect the entire water and wastewater process.

You might be thinking, Not in my facility! Everyone there fully understands the importance of pumps in the day-in, day-out operation of our water/wastewater treatment operations. So what is your point? The answer goes to the heart (you might say) of my supposition that this text is badly needed to ensure proper operations in water and wastewater treatment. Based on my experience and observations, many treatment facilities are unable to meet their water treatment or distribution requirements or wastewater effluent limits for one of three reasons: