Claus Birkholz - Flow of Time: Quantum Gravity Giving New Physics

This is a story deeply splitting the community of physicists into opponent camps. With his World Formula, Einstein once had coined a notion which now stands for failed trials to include electromagnetism into his 1915 concept of General Relativity, which is the geometrization of gravity.

Meanwhile, the number of forces has increased by still adding nuclear forces. It turned out that the dynamics of all those internal forces in addition to gravity can be roughly described by Schrdingers wave mechanics, which is a particular aspect of quantum theory.

The (chiral) interactions of those internal nuclear forces seem to follow comparable (gauge) structures, too although, in terms of the Standard Model, those (gauge) structures are not well understood until to-day, as far as their abstract origins are concerned.

And quantum theory the other component of modern physics is based on Plancks discovery in 1900 that nature does not behave in a continuous way but is showing up in discrete steps. This, however, is a stringent consequence of physical statements in order to be verifiable by measurements.

For, due to its limited span of life, a living organism like a human cannot count up to infinity. Hence, infinities are unphysical, i.e., not measurable; everything must stay finite in physics. Even an elementary particle cannot be accelerated beyond all bounds, its energy must remain delimited.

As a non-rational, continuous number only can be reproduced by an infinite series of rational numbers (decimal digits, e.g.), non-rational numbers are not denumerable, either. Rational numbers, however, are countable. Hence, fundamental physics will have to deal with finite sets of rational numbers only, and not with their limiting values, either.

In consideration of its continuous treatment of space and time, classical physics including Einsteins General Relativity in this sense is unphysical, too. Thus, it necessarily will have to be discreticised, or quantized, which is the modern way of formulating it.

Only, since one century, gravity, i.e., Einsteins General Relativity, stubbornly refused to cooperate with Plancks quantum theory and, v.v.: those internal forces denied any cooperation with General Relativity, likewise.

The action of General Relativity is best visualized by the well-known, familiar model of a flat rubber membrane stretching itself horizontally. An object deposited on its surface, by its weight and by the elasticity of the membrane will give rise to some downward depression, there. By this depression, a small marble, then, kicked (in a non-centric way) towards that object will be deviated from its straight run such as if that object and the marble are attracting each other.

The reason for this strange behaviour is traced back to geometry, i.e., to that depression in the membrane. The formerly flat plane, now, is not any more flat but bent downwards in the region where the object is located. Mathematicians are attributing such a surface curvature to some non-linear condition, as they call it. (For, linear equations are exclusively describing straight lines and flat planes.)

Special Relativity is a subset of General Relativity, acting in flat space-time only. Physically, it is neglecting the acceleration created by mass attraction. This acceleration, however, just is the crucial result of a (here: gravitational) force. Thus, Special Relativity is dropping forces.

On the other hand, the current theories of elementary particles i.e., the quantum field theories are exclusively working with Special Relativity only. And no successful trial is officially known proving that they are tolerating their extension to General Relativity, while, equally, the (official) theory of gravity does not show up to tolerate wave mechanics, i.e., the superposition principle of waves. This is another indication of Einsteins General Relativity apparently not to be consistent with Plancks quantization concept Schrdingers wave mechanics is a derivation of.

Briefly, nobody yet is (officially) acknowledged to have combined Plancks quantum theory with Einsteins General Relativity in a consistent way.

By interpreting a linear superposition as a contradiction to a non-linear surface, small-minded contemporaries even are trying to persuade us that a unification of Einstein with Planck should be principally impossible. (However, they are comparing apples with pears.)

This (false) conclusion is symptomatic. For, we just realized that Special Relativity is cancelling forces. And particle physicists, instead of letting themselves be guided by General-Relativistic ideas, are continuously inventing a wealth of substituting strategies in order to describe interaction forces by circumventing General Relativity.

V.v., a much more promising access would be to extend General Relativity in order to include the internal forces, in addition. This, however, is Einsteins old idea of a World Formula which, then, should be excavated although, due to its well documented failures in the past, this access had to bear a heavy loss of reputation since.