| NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. |
| The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. |
| The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing wi th the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the super ior achievement of engineers. Dr. Harold Liebowitz is president of the National Academy of Engineering. |
| The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is presi dent of the Institute of Medicine. |
| The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in acco rdance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the sci entific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Harold Liebowitz are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. |
| This project was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army Research Office, National Science Foundation, and Department of the Navy's Office of the Chief of Naval Research. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expresse d in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Furthermore, the content of the report does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the U.S. government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. |
| Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. |
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 95-71101
International Standard Book Number 0-309-05344-7 |
Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press, Box 285
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20055
800-624-6242
202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area)
B-676 |
| Printed in the United States of America |
|
