Frisch - Essential System Administration Pocket Reference
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Copyright 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.
This book serves as a quick reference to the most important systemadministration commands, options, configuration files, and tasks onUnix systems, including specifics for AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, andSolaris. For more details about any item or topic, consult a generalsystem administration reference (e.g., Essential SystemAdministration , Third Edition, O'Reilly& Associates).
Items in this book are grouped by topic (see the Table of Contents).Within each topic, items are in more-or-less alphabetical order,although related items are kept together (use the Index to find anyparticular item).
This book uses the following font and symbol conventions:
Used for the names of users and groups, files and directories, andreplaceable parameters within normal text.
constant width boldUsed for Unix commands, options, program names, andconfiguration-file literals and keywords.
constant width italicUsed for replaceable parameters in commands, options, andconfiguration-file formats.
a|bIndicates a choice among items (e.g., a orb).
Optional items are enclosed in square brackets.
command+ Open source commands are marked by a plus sign.
su
user] [-c "command"] Run a command as another user (defaults to root ). If no command is specified, a new shellis started. If the initial hyphen is included, then theuser's login environment is duplicated.
Limited to groups listed in the sugroups attributefor root in/etc/security/user.
Define the member list for group 0 as non-null.
LinuxUse thepam_wheelmodule in the su file.
/var/adm/sulog
/var/log/messages
HP-UX:/var/adm/sulog
Linux:/var/log/messages
Solaris:Specified in the SULOG setting in /etc/default/su.
Limiting direct root logins to the console
chuser ttys="/dev/lft,/dev/tty0" rlogin=false root
Omit secure from all entries in/etc/ttys exceptconsole.
/etc/securettylists devices where root is allowed to log in(omit "/dev/"from the names).
LinuxUse thepam_securettymodule.
/etc/default/login:CONSOLE=/dev/console
sudo+
options] commandRun the specified command using the sudo facility.After successfully entering his password, a user can use thesudo command without having to re-enter it for agrace period (defaults to 5 minutes).
-vReset the grace period to its full length.
-KTerminate the grace period.
-uuserRun the command as the specified user (rather than root ).
-lList allowed commands for the current user and host.
NAME=host[,host...] Named list of hosts User_Alias NAME=user[,user...] Named list of users Cmnd_Alias NAME=cmd[,cmd...] Named list of commands # user access entriesuserhost = cmds [: host = cmds...] The final line grants access to the specified commands on theindicated host. User is the name of a user, agroup (precede its name with %), orpreviously-defined user alias, and host and cmds are lists of individual hosts/commandsand/or defined aliases. Precede an item with ! todeny access.
The sudo package provides thevisudocommand for editing and validating the configuration file. Its logfile is /var/adm/sudo.log.
AIX system roles
System roles provide a wayof assigning a subset of root privileges to auser.
name:[authorizations=list][rolelist=list][groups=name][screens=list] Allowed SMIT screensA role is defined via the authorizations and/orrolelist attributes. groupssets the role's required group membership.
Assign a role with chuserroles=role-listuser.
Perform system backups.
DiagnosticsRun system diagnostics.
GroupAdminManage administrative groups.
ListAuditClassesDisplay audit classes.
PasswdAdminChange passwords for administrative users.
PasswdManageChange passwords for nonadministrative users.
RestoreRestore system backups.
RoleAdminManage role definitions.
UserAdminAdd/remove all users; modify any account attributes.
UserAuditModify any user account's auditing settings.
Required group follows role name in parentheses; componentauthorizations given after the description.
Modify user audit settings (UserAudit, ListAuditClasses).
ManageAllUsers ( security )Add/remove user accounts; modify account attributes (UserAudit,ListAuditClasses, UserAdmin, RoleAdmin, Passwd-Admin, GroupAdmin).
ManageBasicPasswds ( security )Change ordinary users' passwords (PasswdManage).
ManageAllPasswds ( security )Change any password (PasswdManage, PasswdAdmin).
ManageRolesAdminister role definitions (RoleAdmin).
ManageBackupBackup any files (Backup).
ManageBackupRestoreBackup or restore any files (Backup, Restore).
RunDiagnosticsRun diagnostic utilities; shutdown or reboot the system (Diagnostics).
ManageShutdown ( shutdown )Shutdown or reboot the system (noauthorizations).
Solaris profiles and roles
Profiles and roles provide a way of assigning subsets ofroot privileges to users.
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