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Bradley Beard - Practical Maintenance Plans in SQL Server

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Bradley Beard Practical Maintenance Plans in SQL Server
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Bradley Beard 2016
Bradley Beard Practical Maintenance Plans in SQL Server 10.1007/978-1-4842-1895-2_1
1. Introduction to Maintenance Plans
Bradley Beard 1
(1)
Palm Bay, Florida, USA
Ever heard of the faster/cheaper/better paradox? It says that anything can be broken down into three groups: get it faster, get it cheaper, or get it better but you can only pick two. So something must always be sacrificed: faster and cheaper means it wont be better, and cheaper and better means it wont be faster. Does this strike anyone as a bit unrealistic? Why cant something be all three?
Proper planning can isolate almost any failure. Correctly aligning resources can diminish nearly any risk. At the heart of database administration is the ever-present challenge to provide these three principles: faster performance, cheaper overhead, and better quality data. The failure to provide these for the organization employing you will definitely result in your lack of employment. Most of the time, its not really as serious as this, but the point can be made that you are the person responsible for the safe handling of the companys most important assetits data. Whether proprietary or trade data, or government classifications, or even just a simple database holding names and phone numbers, the data that you are responsible for is important to the people that need to access it. For that reason, we as DBAs are the last line of defense to make sure that we are maintaining our databases correctly in order to provide a higher level of database integrity for our end users, whether they are our grandmothers, or stockbrokers, or any other level of user.
The most important part to database administration, beyond installation and actual development, is the maintenance of the database. This ongoing practice should be a part of the daily life of any seasoned database administrator (DBA) . Since the DBA is the primary focal point for the database, if it goes poof in the dark, you had better hope its not your fault. Luckily, SQL Server provides a wealth of tools specifically geared toward giving a lot of power to the DBA in as small a package as possible, with the hope that the DBA uses these tools to mitigate any possible risk to the data they are responsible for.
After all, the primary responsibility of the DBA is to ensure protection, integrity, consistency, and availability of their data. Following the instructions in this book and implementing a complete maintenance plan will get you started accomplishing those goals.
Before We Start
I have a very specific way that I have my files structured. You might or might not, but I wanted to explain it because I frequently reference it throughout this book.
I have a logical E:\ drive that I use for all of my SQL Server files. Not the installation files, just the database files. The root of this drive is E:\ and there is exactly one folder named SQL Server. So, the main directory for all of my database files is E:\SQL Server. Inside of this folder, I have the following directories.
  • Backups : The .bak files for each backup, stored in folders per database
  • Data : The .mdf and .ldf files for each database, stored in folders per database
  • Logs : The .trn files for each database, stored in folders per database
Everything that I need for SQL Server development is found in these folders. This might not work for your setup, but I hope it does. If it doesnt, just adjust your own particular folder structure to the examples in the chapters. I am going to be adding folders to this structure in later chapters, so read on to find out what they will contain.
You will also need a Windows login with sysadmin rights to the database engine, and a SQL Server login with sysadmin rights as well (usually, your sa account works just fine). These accounts are very common in newer SQL Server installations, so it shouldnt be an issue. The large majority of the book will use the Windows login, as that login typically either owns the database, or has sysadmin permission to modify the database as needed. If you dont have an account that has these permissions, you may not be able to create and execute the plans against the database you need to maintain. In this case, you are really not a DBA and are more like a data facilitator. As a DBA, you should have one account that gives you complete and total control of the database. Use that account to set up the things in this book.
What Is a Maintenance Plan?
When you create a maintenance plan , SQL Server creates an Integration Services package that is executed by the SQL Server Agent. A maintenance plan exists for one reason: to make the life of a DBA easier by automating administrative tasks. Thats it! With a well-thought-out maintenance plan, you can do all sorts of things automatically on a set schedule.
So, exactly what things can be done in a maintenance plan, you ask? First of all, fire up SQL Server Management Studio and expand the Management section. Expand the Maintenance Plans section next. On a clean install, there wont be anything in here, which is fine. Thats why youre reading this, hopefully. You might see what is in Figure .
Figure 1-1 Nothing in the Maintenance Plans folder There are two ways to - photo 1
Figure 1-1.
Nothing in the Maintenance Plans folder!
There are two ways to set up a maintenance plan from here. You can either go with the wizard or create it from scratch yourself by using what is referred to as the Maintenance Plan Design Surface. The differences between the two choices are slight, but there is no real power difference. Lets examine the differences.
Right-click Maintenance Plans and choose Maintenance Plan Wizard. An introduction screen pops up with general information about the wizard, so just click Next to continue.
You are then presented with the first real screen of the wizard. Just click Next here, because were going to cancel it after the next step. This is just to get us familiar with the maintenance plan task choices.
Maintenance Plan Wizard Task Options
After you hit Next, you are presented with the following options, which can be set up from the wizard interface.
  • Check Database Integrity : The Check Database Integrity task performs internal consistency checks of the data and index pages within the database.
  • Shrink Database : The Shrink Database task reduces the disk space consumed by the database and log files by removing empty data and log pages.
  • Reorganize Index : The Reorganize Index task defragments and compacts clustered and nonclustered indexes on tables and views. This improves index-scanning performance.
  • Rebuild Index : The Rebuild Index task reorganizes data on the data and index pages by rebuilding indexes. This improves performance of index scans and seeks. This task also optimizes the distribution of data and free space on the index pages, allowing faster future growth.
  • Update Statistics : The Update Statistics task ensures the query optimizer has up-to-date information about the distribution of data values in the tables. This allows the optimizer to make better judgments about data access strategies.
  • Clean Up History : The History Cleanup task deletes historical data about Backup and Restore, SQL Server Agent, and Maintenance Plan operations. This wizard allows you to specify the type and age of the data to be deleted.
  • Execute SQL Server Agent Job : The Execute SQL Server Agent Job task allows you to select SQL Server Agent jobs to run as part of the maintenance plan.
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