Robbins - Bash Pocket Reference
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Its simple: if you want to interact deeply with Mac OS X, Linux, and other Unix-like systems, you need to know how to work with the Bash shell. This concise little book puts all of the essential information about Bash right at your fingertips.
Youll quickly find answers to the annoying questions that generally come up when youre writing shell scripts: What characters do you need to quote? How do you get variable substitution to do exactly what you want? How do you use arrays? Updated for Bash version 4.4, this book has the answers to these and other problems in a format that makes browsing quick and easy.
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![Cameron Newham [Cameron Newham] - Learning the bash Shell, 3rd Edition](/uploads/posts/book/119671/thumbs/cameron-newham-cameron-newham-learning-the-bash.jpg)
![Chris F.A. Johnson [Chris F.A. Johnson] - Pro Bash Programming: Scripting the GNU/Linux Shell](/uploads/posts/book/119669/thumbs/chris-f-a-johnson-chris-f-a-johnson-pro-bash.jpg)
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by Arnold Robbins
Copyright 2016 Arnold Robbins. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by OReilly Media, Inc. , 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .
- Editor: Andy Oram
- Production Editor: Kristen Brown
- Proofreader: Jasmine Kwityn
- Indexer: Arnold Robbins
- Interior Designer: David Futato
- Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
- Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
- March 2016: Second Edition
- 2016-02-17: First Release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491941591 for release details.
The OReilly logo is a registered trademark of OReilly Media, Inc. Bash Pocket Reference, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.
While the publisher and the author have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the author disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
978-1-491-94159-1
[M]
This pocket reference covers Bash, particularly version 4.4, the primary shell for GNU/Linux and Mac OS X. Bash is available for Solaris and the various BSD systems, and can be easily compiled for just about any other Unix system. It can even be compiled for OpenVMS! The following topics are covered:
History
Overview of features
Invoking the shell
Command exit status
Syntax
Functions
Variables
Arithmetic expressions
Command history
Programmable completion
Job control
Shell options
Command execution
Coprocesses
Restricted shells
Built-in commands
Resources
Filenames, command names, options, and inline examples are shown in constantwidth. Input that a user should type in exactly as-is is shown in constantwidthuserinputconstantwidthreplaceable. New terms and emphasized words and phrases are shown in italics. Finally, references of the form name(N) refer to the manual page for name in section N of the online manual (accessed via the man command). Shell variable values (including environment variables) are indicated as $VAR.
The original Bourne shell distributed with V7 Unix in 1979 became the standard shell for writing shell scripts. The Bourne shell is still found in /bin/sh on many commercial Unix systems . It has not changed that much since its initial release, although it has seen modest enhancements over the years. The most notable new features added were the CDPATH variable and a built-in test command with System III (circa 1980), command hashing and shell functions for System V Release 2 (circa 1984), and the addition of job control features for System V Release 4 (1989).
Because the Berkeley C shell ( csh ) offered features that were more pleasant for interactive use, such as command history and job control, for a long time the standard practice in the Unix world was to use the Bourne shell for programming and the C shell for daily use. David Korn at Bell Labs was the first developer to enhance the Bourne shell by adding csh -like features to it: history, job control, and additional programmability. Eventually, the Korn shells feature set surpassed both that of the Bourne and C shells, while remaining compatible with the former for shell programming. Today, the POSIX standard defines the standard shell language and behavior based on the System V Bourne shell, with a selected subset of features from the Korn shell.
The Free Software Foundation, in keeping with its goal to produce a complete Unix work-alike system, developed a clone of the Bourne shell, written from scratch, named Bash, the Bourne-Again SHell. Over time, Bash has become a POSIX-compliant version of the shell with many additional features overlapping those of the Korn shell, but Bash is not an exact Korn shell clone. Today, Bash is probably the most widely used Bourne-derived shell.
The Bash shell provides the following features:
Input/output redirection
Wildcard characters for filename abbreviation
Shell variables and options for customizing the environment
A built-in command set for writing shell programs
Shell functions, for modularizing tasks within a shell program
Job control
Command-line editing (using the command syntax of either vi or Emacs)
Access to previous commands (command history) and the ability to edit them
Integer arithmetic
Arrays and arithmetic expressions
Command-name abbreviation (aliasing)
Upwards compliance with POSIX
Internationalization facilities
An arithmetic for loop
The command interpreter for the Bash shell ( bash ) can be invoked as follows:
bash [options ] [ arguments ] Bash can execute commands from a terminal, from a file (when the first argument is a script), or from standard input (if no arguments remain or if -s is specified). The shell automatically prints prompts if standard input is a terminal, or if -i is given on the command line.
On many systems, /bin/sh is a link to Bash. When invoked as sh , Bash acts more like the traditional Bourne shell: login shells read /etc/profile and ~/.profile, and regular shells read $ENV, if it is set. Full details are available in the bash(1) manpage .
Almost all the single-letter command-line options may also beused with the built-in set command (seethe entry for ). The options are:
-cstrRead commands from string str.
-D, --dump-stringsPrint all $"" strings in the program.
-iCreate an interactive shell (prompt for input). May not be used with set .
-l, --loginBehave as a login shell.
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