Platt - Encyclopedia of Electronic Components, Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid and Gas Properties, Light, Heat, Sound, and
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- Book:Encyclopedia of Electronic Components, Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid and Gas Properties, Light, Heat, Sound, and
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Encyclopedia of Electronic Components, Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid and Gas Properties, Light, Heat, Sound, and: summary, description and annotation
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Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips--whether youre refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.
Volume 3 covers components for sensing the physical world, including light, sound, heat, motion, ambient, and electrical sensors.
Unique:the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumes
Incredibly detailed:includes information distilled from hundreds of sources
Easy to browse:parts are clearly organized by component type
Authoritative:fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurate
Reliable:a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturers tutorials
Instructive:each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workarounds
Comprehensive:Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.
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by Charles Platt
Copyright 2016 Charles Platt. All rights reserved.
Printed in Canada.
Published by Maker Media, Inc. , 1160 Battery Street East, Suite 125, San Francisco, CA 94111.
Maker Media books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact OReilly Medias institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .
- Editor: Brian Jepson
- Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough
- Copyeditor: Christina Edwards
- Proofreader: Charles Roumeliotis
- Indexer: Charles Platt
- Interior Designer: David Futato
- Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
- Illustrator: Charles Platt
- April 2016: First Edition
- 2016-04-05: First Release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449334314 for release details.
Make:, Maker Shed, and Maker Faire are registered trademarks of Maker Media, Inc. The Maker Media logo is a trademark of Maker Media, Inc. Encyclopedia of Electronic Components, Volume 3 and related trade dress are trademarks of Maker Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Maker Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
978-1-449-33431-4
[TI]
To Brian Jepson
This third and final volume of the Encyclopedia of Electronic Components is devoted entirely to sensors.
Two factors have caused very significant changes in the field of sensors since the 1980s. First, features such as antilock braking, airbags, and emissions controls stimulated the development of low-priced sensors for automotive applications. Many of these sensors were fabricated in silicon as MEMS (microelectromechanical) devices.
The second wave began in 2007 when MEMS sensors were installed in the iPhone. A modern phone may contain almost a dozen different types of sensors, and their size and price have been driven down to a point that would have been unimaginable 20 years previously.
Many MEMS sensors are now as cheap as basic semiconductor components such as a voltage regulator or a logic chip, and they are easy to use in conjunction with microcontrollers. In this Encyclopedia, we have allocated significant space to this segment of the market, hoping that the specific products that we have chosen will remain popular and available for at least the next decade.
In addition, we have devoted space to older components where durability has been proven.
While much of the information in this volume can be found dispersed among datasheets, introductory texts, Internet sites, and technical briefings published by manufacturers, we believe there is a real need for a durable resource that assembles all the relevant data in one place, properly organized and verified, including details that may be hard to find elsewhere.
This volume may also serve a useful purpose by attempting to categorize and classify components in a field that is remarkably chaotic. For example, is an object presence sensor different from a proximity sensor? Some manufacturers seem to think so; others disagree. Understanding the distinctions and the underlying principles can be important if you are trying to decide which sensor to use.
Sensor terminology can also be confusing. To take another example, what is the difference between a reflective interrupter, a reflective object sensor, a reflective optical sensor, a reflective photointerrupter, and an opt-pass sensor? These terms are used in various datasheets to describe components that are all retroreflective sensors. Understanding the proliferating variety of terminology can be essential if you simply want to find something in a product index.
As in volumes 1 and 2, this volume is organized by subject. For example, if you want to measure temperature, youll find the entries for a thermistor and a thermocouple next to each other, in an entire section devoted to the sensing of heat. This will help you to compare capabilities and choose the component that best suits your application.
The subject path leading to each sensor is shown at the top of the first page of each entry. For gas flow rate, for instance, you would follow this path:
fluid > gas > flow rateNote that the word fluid is properly used to include gases as well as liquids.
Unfortunately, some sensors are not easily categorized. There are four problems in this area.
A GPS chip is a radio receiver, picking up transmissions from satellites. Does this mean it should be categorized as a sensor of radio waves? No, its purpose is to tell you your location. Therefore, it is categorized as a location sensor. This leads to the first general rule: sensors are categorized by their primary purpose. Secondary purposes may be found in the index.
Many surface-mount chips perform more than one sensing function. For example, an inertial measurement unit (often identified by its acronym, IMU) can contain three gyroscope sensors and three accelerometersand may contain three magnetometers, too. How should it be categorized?
The answer is that an IMU will be mentioned in more than one entry in the Encyclopedia, because it performs more than one function; but it will not have its own separate entry, because each entry in the Encyclopedia is for a single primary sensing function.
The names of multisensor chips are, of course, included in the index.
A single sensing element may be used in multiple different types of sensors. The most notable example is the Hall-effect sensor, which can be found in magnetometers, object presence sensors, speed sensors, current sensors, and dozens more. Modern automobiles can contain Hall-effect sensors everywhere from the ignition system to the trunk-locking mechanism. If you are using a hard drive with rotating platters, it probably contains a Hall-effect sensor to monitor the speed of rotation. If you have a generic computer keyboard, each keypress is probably detected with a Hall-effect sensor.
Bearing this in mind, how should a Hall-effect sensor be classified? And where should you expect to find an explanation of how it works?
The answer is that where different types of components contain the same type of sensing element, the entry for each component will include a cross-reference to one location where the sensing element is explained in detail.
This location will be chosen for its relevance. Thus, Hall-effect sensors are explained in the entry for object presence sensors, because this is their primary function. While it is true that a Hall-effect sensor works by detecting a magnetic field, that is not its most common application.
Wikipedia lists more than 100 general types of sensors, and even that list is probably not complete. Consequently, we had to pick and choose. Some of the decisions may seem arbitrary, but all of them were made on the grounds of practicality. There were three principles for deciding what to include and what to leave out.
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