Ido Green - Web Workers: Multithreaded Programs in JavaScript
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Web Workers: Multithreaded Programs in JavaScript: summary, description and annotation
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Web apps would run much better if heavy calculations could be performed in the background, rather than compete with the user interface. With this book, youll learn how to use Web Workers to run computationally intensive JavaScript code in a thread parallel to the UI. Yes, multi-threaded programing is complicated, but Web Workers provide a simple API that helps you be productive without the complex algorithms.
If you have an intermediate to advanced understanding of JavaScript especially event handling and callbacksyoure ready to tackle Web Workers with the tools in this example-driven guide.
- Start creating Web Workers and understand what they can and cant do
- Determine which browser versions support the API
- Use dedicated Web Workers for tasks that consume a lot of CPU, such as data parsing
- Explore use cases for creating inline Workers, such as encapsulating a web app in one page
- Create a shared Worker to communicate multiple web app instances to the server, and other uses
- Learn best practices for debugging Web Workers
- Apply Web Workers within the server-side Node environment
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Beijing Cambridge Farnham Kln Sebastopol Tokyo
To Ema
Who always multi threaded
Web Workers is a powerful feature of HTML5 that hasnt received very much attention. It provides an API that allows you to run JavaScript in a separate thread that doesnt interfere with the user interface of your web application. This JavaScript runs in parallel with the main renderer and any of your user interface scripts on it. This allows long and processing-heavy tasks to be executed without making the page unresponsive.
Like threads in other technologies, Web Workers are relatively heavyweight. You dont want to use them in large numbers, as each one consumes significant system resources. Web Workers are expected to handle long tasks that rely on constrained resources (e.g., CPU, network bandwidth, etc.). They have a high startup cost and a high instance of memory cost.
Because it is a new, evolving standard, different browsers implement the Web Workers specification in different ways. Although some aspects of the implementation are stabilizing, I suspect that features like access to IndexedDB will be available soon in most modern browsers. I hope that with this book and the adoption of modern browsers we will see more usage of this powerful API.
All the examples in this book were tested on Chrome (15+) and Firefox (7+). Web Workers also work in mobile Safari 5+, and will be especially useful because the new iPhone 4GS has a multi-core processor.
Before you can do much with Web Workers, it helps to know what they are and what they can do well. Next, youll learn how to confirm that your browser supports this feature with a simple Web Worker Hello World example. The next three chapters cover the different kinds of Web Workers (dedicated, shared, and inline), showing how to use each one of them and when it will be best to choose one over the other. After that, youll explore best practices for debugging your Web Workers. Finally, because Web Workers are also used outside of a browser, youll see how to apply them within the server-side Node environment.
You should have a solid intermediate to advanced understanding of JavaScript before tackling the tools used in this book. In particular, you need to understand event handling and callbacks.
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.
Constant widthUsed for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.
Constant width boldShows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.
Constant width italicShows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.
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This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless youre reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from OReilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your products documentation does require permission.
We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: Web Workers by Ido Green (OReilly). Copyright 2012 Ido Green, 9781449322137.
If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at .
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I would like to thank Eric Bidelman for doing great review job. Without him, most of the examples would have crashed after 10 seconds.
Modern web applications would often run better if there was a way to perform heavy calculations in the background instead of making the user interface wait for them to complete. The Web Workers specification[] defines an API for running computationally intensive code in a thread other than the web application user interface. Long tasks can run without affecting your interfaces memory and CPU footprint because the Worker will live in its own thread.
Multi-threaded programing is a complicated subject well stocked with complex algorithms and theoretical discussion. You can find other languages (e.g., Java) that give their developers a library to mask some of the complexity[]. The good news is that Web Workers provides a nice and simple API that lets you be very productive without worrying too much about deadlocks and similar problems.
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