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Shawn Wallace - Perl Graphics Programming: Creating SVG, SWF

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Shawn Wallace Perl Graphics Programming: Creating SVG, SWF
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Perl Graphics Programming: Creating SVG, SWF: summary, description and annotation

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Graphics programmers arent the only ones who need to be proficient with graphics. Web and applications programmers know that a dull web page can be quickly transformed into one thats interesting and lively with the use of well-planned graphics. And fortunately, you dont need the skills of a fulltime graphics programmer to use graphics effectively. From access counters and log report graphs to scientific plots and on-the-fly animated GIFs, graphics scripting is within the grasp of most web programmers. Using open source software, like Perl, you have the power to dynamically generate graphics based on user input and activity, easily manipulate graphics content, and optimize graphics for compression and quality.

Geared toward Perl users and webmasters, Perl Graphics Programming focuses on open-source scripting programs that manipulate graphics files for use on the Web. The book demystifies the manipulation of graphics formats for newcomers to the Web with a practical, resource-like approach. With this book youll learn to:

  • Generate dynamic web graphics with charts, tables, and buttons
  • Automate graphics tasks (thumbnails and borders)
  • Create dynamics web documents (PDF, Postscript)
  • Produce rich Internet experiences with Flash and SVG
Youll begin with a tour of the most common web graphic file formats--PNG, JPEG, GIF, SWF, SVG, Postscript and PDF--then youll explore the most powerful tools and Perl modules available for manipulating these graphics, such as GD, PerlMagick, and GIMP. Included in this part of the book is a thorough description of the Ming module for creating on-the-fly Flash files. Next, a cookbook section includes practical, all purpose recipes: GIF animation, generating images within a dynamic application, communicating between SWF front-end and Perl back-end, XSLT transformations, compression, and much more.

Perl programmers naturally turn to Perl to tackle whatever challenge they have at hand, and graphics programming is no exception. Perl Graphics Programming provides all the tools you need to begin programming and designing graphics for the Web immediately. This book will change how you think about generating and manipulating graphics for the Web.

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Perl Graphics Programming: Creating SVG, SWF (Flash), JPEG and PNG files
Shawn Wallace
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A Note Regarding Supplemental Files

Supplemental files and examples for this book can be found at http://examples.oreilly.com/9780596002190/. Please use a standard desktop web browser to access these files, as they may not be accessible from all ereader devices.

All code files or examples referenced in the book will be available online. For physical books that ship with an accompanying disc, whenever possible, weve posted all CD/DVD content. Note that while we provide as much of the media content as we are able via free download, we are sometimes limited by licensing restrictions. Please direct any questions or concerns to .

Preface

Welcome to Perl Graphics Programming ! This book is kind of a second, expanded edition of Programming Web Graphics , which was published in 1999. That book focused solely on the PNG, JPEG, and GIF image formats, and was intended more for web applications programmers than for Perl programmers. This book still has a heavy slant toward web applications, but it has been rewritten to fit in better with the other applied Perl books. The scope has also been expanded to include the SVG and SWF vector image formats. Intermediate-level Perl users will probably get the most out of this book, though hopefully it will demystify the manipulation of graphics files for newcomers as well.

Perl Graphics Programming takes a practical, resource-based approach to the material. Each section starts with a tour of the internals of the file format in question, followed by a tutorial and reference for one of the popular free Perl libraries or applications that implement the format. The reference sections are more than a generic rehash of the perldoc pages. In some cases, the reference material supplements existing documentation, and in some cases it provides help where the existing documentation is inadequate. Throughout, I have tried to anticipate the questions that a newcomer to the material might ask.

The software covered in this book includes:

  • GD and GD::Graph, for creating indexed raster graphics

  • ImageMagick, for handling a wide range of image formats

  • The Gimp, for specialized image manipulation tasks and filters

  • Various Perl XML tools, for SVG files

  • Ming, for creating SWF (Flash) movies

  • Ghostscript and the PostScript modules, for PostScript files

  • The PDF::API2 module, for PDF documents

The focus is always on free software, when it is available. Some fine software has been prominently overlooked (PDFlib in particular) because it is not available under a free license. Some software (such as Ghostscript) offers both free and proprietary versions.

Most of the topics in this book are applicable to any platform (Windows, *nix, Mac OS). You may, however, detect a slight bias toward the Unix world, since most of the books development was done on a Linux-based system, and some of the tools (such as the Gimp) started their lives in the Unix world (just like Perl).

The book is divided into three sections that correspond to three types of images and application areas: raster images and web graphics; vector images and animations; and documents and printing.

Creating Raster Images and Web Graphics

also takes a look at the HTML tags that embed images in web pages.

In , the black box of the three predominant web graphics formats (GIF, JPEG, and PNG) is opened, explored, and accompanied by a discussion of web graphics concepts such as transparency, compression, interlacing, and color tables.

In ).

In , a table of the various file format capabilities of ImageMagick.

In , we use GD::Graph to create graphs from data. GD::Graph is a Perl module that extends the GD module by offering a number of functions for creating eight types of graphs and charts. In the early days of the Web, almost all of the financial graphs or web server load graphs were generated by CGI scripts using GD::Graph (actually, its precursor, GIFGraph) to generate the images.

In , which provides a reference guide for the Gimp.

Creating Vector Images and Animations

focuses on the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format and Macromedias SWF (Shockwave/Flash) format. Vector images differ from raster images in that the image data is stored as a series of points and instructions for connecting those points. The strength of vector graphics is that the same image can be represented at any scale without a loss of quality or information.

In , we describe SVG, an XML file format designed to tightly integrate with the other document standards of the World Wide Web.

, providing recipes for SVG animation, scripting, and manipulation using the XSLT XML transformation language.

In , we introduce the Shockwave/Flash file format, a compact format for web animations used by Macromedias popular Flash tool. Although many web purists claim to despise the spread of Flash-enabled web sites, SWF is too prevalent to ignore. Flash can actually be used constructively, even if you just think of it as a stop-gap until SVG catches on!

In fills those needs.

Creating Documents and Printing

Although PostScript and PDF are fundamentally vector drawing formats, they are more accurately described as document encoding formats. PostScript is the standard page description language used by most laser printers and printing devices. It is also the foundation on which the PDF document encoding format is built. describes how both can be utilized from Perl programs.

In , we are introduced to the PostScript language and the Portable Document Format (PDF).

In , we develop a framework for easily generating PostScript text blocks, graphics, and documents from Perl.

In , we explore the PDF::API2 module, an object-oriented interface for building PDF documents from Perl.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless youre reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from OReilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your products documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example:

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