Bobbi Sandberg - Networking The Complete Reference, Third Edition

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Great thanks and humble appreciation to
all of those who helped with this book.
And to my kids and their kids, and ever
and always to Sandy.

Bobbi Sandberg is a small business consultant and retired CPA who has been a trainer, instructor, and teacher of all things computer in the Pacific Northwest for more than 40 years. She has played with computers since they occupied entire rooms and required perforated paper tape and punch cards. Today, she teaches hardware and software classes, solves hardware and software issues for a number of clients, and keeps networks functional on a regular basis. Bobbi is the author or coauthor of several computer books, including QuickBooks 2015: The Small Business Guide, Quicken 2015: The Official Guide, Quicken 2014: The Official Guide, Microsoft Office 2013 QuickSteps, and Computing for Seniors QuickSteps.

Randal Nollan has been working with technology since the late 1970s when he wrote his first program on pink punch cards. Randal joined the U.S. Navy in 1980 as an Aviation Ordnanceman and retired in 2001. During that time, he maintained the dBase III vaccination database for the squadron corpsman and was always in the thick of maintaining the token ring network, computers, and terminals they had at the time. He graduated from Skagit Valley College CIS (networking) and MIT (programming) in 2003. He worked in Internet tech support from 2003 to 2005 and has since been working in computer repair for a local telephone company on Whidbey Island, Washington. In his spare time, he enjoys the outdoors by fishing, crabbing, bicycling, camping, and hunting. Indoor fun includes playing with anything tech related, remodeling his home, and making wine from any fruit that lands on his doorstep; some time he may even stop working and drink it.

Dwight Spivey is the author of more than 20 books on computers and technology and has happily lent his expertise as a technical editor to several more titles. Dwight is happily married to Cindy, and they reside on the Gulf Coast of Alabama along with their four children. He studies theology, draws comic strips, and roots for the Auburn Tigers in his ever-decreasing spare time.

Van Aguirre is an information technology specialist who has broad experience in the field. Since the late 1990s, he has developed and taught courses in networking and multimedia technology, computing security, computer crime forensics, IT risk management, IT business continuity, and disaster recovery planning. Working with other IT professionals, he has planned and managed the implementation of evolving technologies, including virtualization, mobile, and cloud computing to support institutional business and strategic initiatives. As a project manager in educational technology, Van has established and promoted successful apprenticeship programs in IT desk service management for college students, integrating LEAN principles and ITIL processes to supplement technical skills.

T his book, like most others, is the end product of a lot of hard work by many people. All of the people involved deserve great thanks. A special thank-you to the following:

Roger Stewart, acquisitions editor at McGraw-Hill Education, for his support, understanding, and always available ear. He and his team are unbeatable.

Two other members of the team, Patty Mon and Amanda Russell. Patty is the finest editorial supervisor around. She is beyond helpful, always considerate and thoughtful, and just there for any questions. She is a gem. The generous, organized, and always on top of any concern or issue, editorial coordinator Amanda Russell. Amanda either has the answer at hand or finds out quickly and reliably. These few descriptive words are only the tip of the iceberg when discussing their talent, professionalism, and always generous spirits.