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Inga Karetnikova - How scripts are made

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Inga Karetnikovas method is that of the art teacher: she asks students to study great works in detail, to analyze them, and then to create their own. She stresses that her examination is interested only in how the scripts are written and what makes them work, not in a cultural or scholarly examination of them. Karetnikova analyzes eight screenplaysThe Godfather, Rashomon, La Strada, Bicycle Thief, Nosferatu, The Servant, Viridiana, Notoriousand a novel written in screenplay form, Kiss of the Spider Woman. Each serves as an example of a particular aspect of screenplay writing: composing scripts, developing characters, constructing suspense, adapting literature to cinematic space and time, and weaving details and motifs within a script.Karetnikova urges film students to work on their own screenplays while studying her book, reading the suggested scripts and viewing the films based on them to get the most from her method. She provides a series of exercises for each chapter to help students master the skills of composing and writing film treatments, developing screen stories and their characters, organizing scenes, and writing dialogue. Each of the exercises has worked successfully in her own screenplay-writing classes.

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title How Scripts Are Made author Karetnikova Inga publisher - photo 1

title:How Scripts Are Made
author:Karetnikova, Inga.
publisher:Southern Illinois University Press
isbn10 | asin:
print isbn13:9780809313792
ebook isbn13:9780585107202
language:English
subjectMotion picture authorship, Motion picture plays--Technique.
publication date:1990
lcc:PN1996.K24 1990eb
ddc:808.2/3
subject:Motion picture authorship, Motion picture plays--Technique.
Page iii
How Scripts Are Made
Inga Karetnikova
Southern Illinois University Press
Carbondale and Edwardsville
Page iv
Copyright 1990 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Edited by Kathryn Koldehoff
Production & design by Linda Jorgensen-Buhman
93 92 91 90 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Karetnikova, Inga.
How scripts are made/Inga Karetnikova.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Motion picture authorship. 2. Motion picture playsTechnique. I. Title.
PN1996.K24 1990
808.2'3dc20 Picture 2Picture 3Picture 4Picture 589-26186
ISBN 0-8093-1379-0 Picture 6Picture 7Picture 8Picture 9Picture 10CIP
ISBN 0-8093-1380-4 (pbk.)
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Picture 11
Page v
To Paul and Anne
Page vii
Contents
Introduction
ix
1. The Beginning of Screenwriting
Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror
Henrik Galeen
1
2. Script Composition
La Strada
Federico Fellini and Tullio Pinelli, with Ennio Flaiano
16
3. Opening, Climax, Resolution
The Servant
Harold Pinter
30
4. Character Development
The Godfather
Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola
47
5. The Construction of Suspense
Notorious
Ben Hecht and Alfred Hitchcock
68
6. Transforming Literature into Cinematic Space and Time
Rashomon
Akira Kurosawa and Shinobu Hashimoto
90
7. Details, Motifs, and the Director's Commentaries
Viridiana
Luis Buuel and Julio Alejandro
110
8. Screen Dialogue
Bicycle Thieves
Vittorio De Sica and Cesare Zavattini
124
9. The Screenplay as a Model for Literature
Kiss of the Spider Woman,
a novel by Manuel Puig
139

Page viii
Appendixes
Picture 12
A. Exercises
153
Picture 13
B. Script Sources
160
Notes
161
Index
166

Page ix
Introduction
More than half a century ago Fritz Lang, the renowned German director, compared the making of a film with the building of a medieval cathedral, a comparison that has been reiterated often. Indeed, a film is created by a great number of experts, just as architects, masons, engineers, sculptors, painters, and many others took part in the creation of a cathedral.
One of the main roles in the "building" of a film belongs to the screenwriter, who is the first to visualize the future film and who draws up its "blueprint"the screenplay or, as it is often referred to, the script. When written by a master, it can fascinate the reader in the same way that any good piece of writing can. But unlike that of a novel or of a short story, which is a finished product, the ultimate goal of a screenplay is to become a film.
The screenplay has a certain format that is observed by every screenwriter, from beginners to professionals. Everything in itthe title of the scene, the description of the action, the dialoguehas its designated place. Some details of the screenplay format have changed over time. For example, in the past it was considered necessary to number each scene. As the screenplay has become a more readable literary form, today the scene numbers are omitted. Recently, there have also been some changes in the page design (the width of the lines and the spacing between them), but there is always an established, current format that the screenwriter must know and obey.
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