First Published in 1971
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.
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Compilation, introduction, notes and index 1971 James T.Boulton
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
ISBN 0-203-19735-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13: 978-0-203-19735-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13: 978-1-134-78249-9 ePub ISBN
ISBN 0-415-13435-8
General Editors Preface
The reception given to a writer by his contemporaries and near-contemporaries is evidence of considerable value to the student of literature. On one side we learn a great deal about the state of criticism at large and in particular about the development of critical attitudes towards a single writer; at the same time, through private comments in letters, journals or marginalia, we gain an insight upon the tastes and literary thought of individual readers of the period. Evidence of this kind helps us to understand the writers historical situation, the nature of his immediate reading-public, and his response to these pressures.
The separate volumes in the Critical Heritage Series present a record of this early criticism. Clearly, for many of the highly productive and lengthily reviewed nineteenth- and twentieth-century writers, there exists an enormous body of material; and in these cases the volume editors have made a selection of the most important views, significant for their intrinsic critical worth or for their representative quality perhaps even registering incomprehension!
For earlier writers, notably pre-eighteenth century, the materials are much scarcer and the historical period has been extended, sometimes far beyond the writers lifetime, in order to show the inception and growth of critical views which were initially slow to appear.
In each volume the documents are headed by an Introduction, discussing the material assembled and relating the early stages of the authors reception to what we have come to identify as the critical tradition. The volumes will make available much material which would otherwise be difficult of access and it is hoped that the modern reader will be thereby helped towards an informed understanding of the ways in which literature has been read and judged.
B.C.S.
Contents
Preface
The purpose of this volume is to document the development of Johnsons reputation by extracts from criticism written (with one exception, No. 61) during his lifetime and up to 1832. The terminal date is significant: by that time both Macaulay and Carlyle had published their reviews of Crokers edition of Boswells Life of Johnson; in their essays was found authoritative expression of views about Johnson which remained virtually unchallenged almost until the present century.
Extracts are grouped chronologically under each of Johnsons major publications. Since his critics gave considerable attention to his style a separate section is devoted to that. Further, some extracts are most conveniently collected under the heading Biographical and General, either because they have historical significance without having exclusive reference to any single work by Johnson, or because of the scope of their authors inquiry.
The main principles of selection were interest, historical importance, and representativeness. Literary or critical excellence was not the first criterion. Much critical writing in Johnsons lifetime and immediately after it was not distinguished; but his work had to endure criticism which ranges from the crude to the sensitive, and his character to tolerate both savage denigration and panegyric. The collection of extracts must therefore be qualitatively wide-ranging. In some cases, as with James Callenders notorious Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson, where the original publication was itself fragmented as well as coarse, and selection was almost impossible if the readers pleasure was to count for anything, quotation has been confined to the introductory essay. No apology is necessary for quoting from Johnson himself: both as stylist and as commentator on his own works he outshines most of his critics.
Acknowledgments
The publication of this volume affords a welcome opportunity to acknowledge a number of personal debts: to the President, Librarian, and English Department at Hofstra University, New York, for hospitality and research facilities during my tenure of the John Cranford Adams Chair; to the library staff and the Johnsonians especially their doyen, Professor James Cliffordof Columbia University for their many courtesies to a frequent visitor; to Professor Donald J.Greene, of the University of Southern California at Los Angeles, for extensive bibliographical information; to Dr David Fleeman, of Pembroke College, Oxford, for his scholarly care in reading and making valuable improvements to the introductory essay; and to Mr W.R.Chalmers, of the University of Nottingham, for his patient help in solving problems in classical literature. For errors that still remain I take sole responsibility.
I am grateful to the Harvard College Library for permitting me to publish the text of their rare copy of A Criticism on Mahomet and Irene; and to the Trustees of the British Museum for permission to print Horace Walpoles General Criticism of Dr. Johnsons Writings from the manuscript in their possession.
Note on the Text
Materials printed in this volume follow the original texts in all important respects; no attempt has been made to modernize spelling, punctuation, or capitalization, but typographical errors have been silently corrected. Lengthy extracts from Johnsons works have been omitted as clearly indicated in the text.
The following abbreviations have been used throughout:
Boswell, Life: James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson LL.D., third edition, 1799; for the readers convenience page references are given to the edition by G.Birkbeck Hill and L.F.Powell, Clarendon Press, 193450.
Johnsonian Miscellanies: Johnsonian Miscellanies, ed. G.Birkbeck Hill, Clarendon Press, 1897.
Journey: Samuel Johnson, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland