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Johnson Samuel - Samuel Johnson: the critical heritage

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The Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writers work, enabling students and researchers to read for themselves, for example, comments on early performances of Shakespeares plays, or reactions to the first publication of Jane Austens novels. The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to journalism and contemporary opinion, and little published documentary material such as letters and diaries. Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included, in order to demonstrate the fluctuations in an authors reputation. Each volume contains an introduction to the writers published works, a selected bibliography, and an index of works, authors and subjects. The Collected Critical Heritage set will be available as a set of 68 volumes and the series will also be available in mini sets selected by period (in slipcase boxes) and as individual volumes.

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SAMUEL JOHNSON: THE CRITICAL HERITAGE

THE CRITICAL HERITAGE SERIES

General Editor: B.C.Southam

The Critical Heritage series collects together a large body of criticism on major figures in literature. Each volume presents the contemporary responses to a particular writer, enabling the student to follow the formation of critical attitudes to the writers work and its place within a literary tradition.

The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to fragments of contemporary opinion and little published documentary material, such as letters and diaries.

Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included in order to demonstrate fluctuations in reputation following the writers death.

SAMUEL JOHNSON

THE CRITICAL HERITAGE

Edited by

JAMES T.BOULTON

Picture 1

London and New York

First Published in 1971

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.


To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE

&

29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001

Compilation, introduction, notes and index 1971 James T.Boulton

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

ISBN 0-203-19735-6 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN13: 978-0-203-19735-6 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN13: 978-1-134-78249-9 ePub ISBN

ISBN 0-415-13435-8

General Editors Preface

The reception given to a writer by his contemporaries and near-contemporaries is evidence of considerable value to the student of literature. On one side we learn a great deal about the state of criticism at large and in particular about the development of critical attitudes towards a single writer; at the same time, through private comments in letters, journals or marginalia, we gain an insight upon the tastes and literary thought of individual readers of the period. Evidence of this kind helps us to understand the writers historical situation, the nature of his immediate reading-public, and his response to these pressures.

The separate volumes in the Critical Heritage Series present a record of this early criticism. Clearly, for many of the highly productive and lengthily reviewed nineteenth- and twentieth-century writers, there exists an enormous body of material; and in these cases the volume editors have made a selection of the most important views, significant for their intrinsic critical worth or for their representative quality perhaps even registering incomprehension!

For earlier writers, notably pre-eighteenth century, the materials are much scarcer and the historical period has been extended, sometimes far beyond the writers lifetime, in order to show the inception and growth of critical views which were initially slow to appear.

In each volume the documents are headed by an Introduction, discussing the material assembled and relating the early stages of the authors reception to what we have come to identify as the critical tradition. The volumes will make available much material which would otherwise be difficult of access and it is hoped that the modern reader will be thereby helped towards an informed understanding of the ways in which literature has been read and judged.

B.C.S.

Contents
Preface

The purpose of this volume is to document the development of Johnsons reputation by extracts from criticism written (with one exception, No. 61) during his lifetime and up to 1832. The terminal date is significant: by that time both Macaulay and Carlyle had published their reviews of Crokers edition of Boswells Life of Johnson; in their essays was found authoritative expression of views about Johnson which remained virtually unchallenged almost until the present century.

Extracts are grouped chronologically under each of Johnsons major publications. Since his critics gave considerable attention to his style a separate section is devoted to that. Further, some extracts are most conveniently collected under the heading Biographical and General, either because they have historical significance without having exclusive reference to any single work by Johnson, or because of the scope of their authors inquiry.

The main principles of selection were interest, historical importance, and representativeness. Literary or critical excellence was not the first criterion. Much critical writing in Johnsons lifetime and immediately after it was not distinguished; but his work had to endure criticism which ranges from the crude to the sensitive, and his character to tolerate both savage denigration and panegyric. The collection of extracts must therefore be qualitatively wide-ranging. In some cases, as with James Callenders notorious Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson, where the original publication was itself fragmented as well as coarse, and selection was almost impossible if the readers pleasure was to count for anything, quotation has been confined to the introductory essay. No apology is necessary for quoting from Johnson himself: both as stylist and as commentator on his own works he outshines most of his critics.

Acknowledgments

The publication of this volume affords a welcome opportunity to acknowledge a number of personal debts: to the President, Librarian, and English Department at Hofstra University, New York, for hospitality and research facilities during my tenure of the John Cranford Adams Chair; to the library staff and the Johnsonians especially their doyen, Professor James Cliffordof Columbia University for their many courtesies to a frequent visitor; to Professor Donald J.Greene, of the University of Southern California at Los Angeles, for extensive bibliographical information; to Dr David Fleeman, of Pembroke College, Oxford, for his scholarly care in reading and making valuable improvements to the introductory essay; and to Mr W.R.Chalmers, of the University of Nottingham, for his patient help in solving problems in classical literature. For errors that still remain I take sole responsibility.

I am grateful to the Harvard College Library for permitting me to publish the text of their rare copy of A Criticism on Mahomet and Irene; and to the Trustees of the British Museum for permission to print Horace Walpoles General Criticism of Dr. Johnsons Writings from the manuscript in their possession.

Note on the Text

Materials printed in this volume follow the original texts in all important respects; no attempt has been made to modernize spelling, punctuation, or capitalization, but typographical errors have been silently corrected. Lengthy extracts from Johnsons works have been omitted as clearly indicated in the text.

The following abbreviations have been used throughout:

Boswell, Life: James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson LL.D., third edition, 1799; for the readers convenience page references are given to the edition by G.Birkbeck Hill and L.F.Powell, Clarendon Press, 193450.

Johnsonian Miscellanies: Johnsonian Miscellanies, ed. G.Birkbeck Hill, Clarendon Press, 1897.

Journey: Samuel Johnson, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

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