William Carey Grimm - The Illustrated Book of Trees: The Comprehensive Field Guide to More Than 250 Trees of Eastern North America
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The Illustrated Book of Trees: The Comprehensive Field Guide to More Than 250 Trees of Eastern North America
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The Comprehensive Field Guide to More Than 250 Trees of Eastern North America
Text and Illustrations by William Carey Grimm
Page iv
Copyright 1957, 1962, 1983 by Stackpole Books
Published by STACKPOLE BOOKS 5067 Ritter Road Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Stackpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania 17055.
Printed in the U.S.A.
Cover design by Tracy Patterson
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Grimm, William Carey, 1907 The book of trees. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. TreesUnited StatesIdentification. 2. TreesCanadaIdentification. I. Title. QK482.G73 1983 582.160973 82-17026 ISBN 0-8117-2220-1 (pbk.)
Page v
To My Friend and Fellow Nature Lover, Johnny Lewis
Page vii
FOREWORD
Man is dependent upon the tree for a variety of benefits which contribute to his welfare.
The tree provides over five thousand different items used by man and protects our soil, water and wildlife. The leaves of the tree absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen, thus purifying the atmosphere so that man may be able to breathe. This is why man can live a rich and happy life where there are trees. Where there are no trees, life is as barren as the desert.
We can be thankful that one third of America is forested, thus guaranteeing us a pleasant and prosperous life.
The 1962 edition of the BOOK OF TREES included more than 100 additional trees, chiefly those native to the South, which were not in the first edition. There was also added an important section on exotic trees.
The illustrated text is easy to read and study, but at the same time, is technically correct.
The abuse which trees and forests received during the early years of our history still dismays the conservationist. Trees should be harvested, but they must be harvested properly just as a farmer cares for his flock.
Man will live a fuller, happier life if he knows the trees that abound by his home. As one scans the bark, the twig, the leaf, he feels the life about him. The forest becomes a living dynamic force to the person who acquaints himself with its individual members. It has always been disturbing to see a sign "Pine Tree Farm" when the tree referred to was a spruce or some other species. May I commend to you the study of treesit will be enjoyable, stimulating, and rewarding.
MAURICE K. GODDARD SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS AND WATERS, COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
Page ix
PREFACE
The present work is an outgrowth of the author's Trees of Pennsylvania which was originally published in 1950 and subsequently reissued, without any change, as The Book of Trees in 1957. When it came time to revise my previous work in 1962, it seemed wise to broaden the scope of the book and include all of the trees found in eastern North America north of subtropical and tropical Florida; thus including both the northern and southern trees. Such a book would enable one to travel from Canada southward to northern Florida and identify every native tree encountered enroute. With very few exceptions all of the trees found in eastern North America, from the limit of tree growth in northern Canada south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River, have been included in this one book.
The tree flora of eastern North America is an exceedingly rich and varied one. Within the boundaries of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park alone, there are some 130 different species of treesmore than are to be found on the entire continent of Europe.
One group of small trees, the hawthorns (Crataegus) is treated here in only a very casual sort of way. Most of us are content if we just recognize them as hawthorns; and they present a baffling problem to even the experts on botanical taxonomy. Oaks, too, are often difficult to name with certainty for they tend to hybridize and numerous hybrids are recognized. To a lesser degree the same might also be said of the basswoods (Tilia).
It is often an arbitrary matter to distinguish between a tree and a shrub. Some of the species admitted here as trees may be mere shrubs in some localities; and perhaps some which I have omitted might be considered as trees by others. The distinguishing characteristics of the various species are those that have proved most practical in the author's own experience in identifying trees in the field. The drawings have all been made by the author from fresh material, or in a few instances from herbarium specimens. In each instance an attempt has been made to emphasize the characteristics which have been found to be most helpful in field identification at all seasons of the year.
The author is grateful for the favorable reception of past editions of the work and to the many persons who have contributed to it in any way. An immense debt of gratitude is also due to my wife, Ruth Curtis Grimm, who has ably assisted me throughout the preparation of the manuscript.
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