Christopher Hibbert - The London Encyclopaedia

Third Edition

BEN WEINREB CHRISTOPHER HIBBERT

JULIA KEAY JOHN KEAY

NEW PHOTOGRAPHS BY MATTHEW WEINREB

MACMILLAN

First published 1983 by Macmillan London Limited

This edition first published 2008 by Macmillan

First published in paperback 2010 by Macmillan

This electronic edition published 2010 by Macmillan
an imprint of Pan Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
Pan Macmillan, 20 New Wharf Road, London N1 9RR
Basingstoke and Oxford
Associated companies throughout the world
www.panmacmillan.com

ISBN 978-0-230-73879-9 PDF
ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2 EPUB

Copyright Christopher Hibbert, Matthew, Linda and Deborah Weinreb and John and Julia Keay 1983, 1993, 2008

The right of Christopher Hibbert, Matthew, Linda and Deborah Weinreb and John and Julia Keay to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

You may not copy, store, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

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About the Authors

Ben Weinreb (19121999) was a self-taught bibliophile with a particular interest in architecture. From humble beginnings in a Bloomsbury basement, he went on to become the worlds leading antiquarian architectural bookseller, always aided and encouraged by his wife Joan. In 1969, he started to compile and enlist contributors for The London Encyclopaedia, which was first published in 1983.

Christopher Hibbert is an historian and biographer. Born in Leicestershire in 1924, Hibbert was educated at Radley College and then Oxford University, before going on to serve as an infantry officer in the London Irish Rifles during the Second World War. He was wounded twice and awarded the Military Cross in 1945. In 1979, he joined Ben Weinreb in creating The London Encyclopaedia, and he has also written books on London, Venice, Florence and Rome, among others. He continues to be published internationally and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

Julia Keay is co-editor with John Keay of the Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland and author of The Spy Who Never Was, With Passport and Parasol and Alexander the Corrector.

John Keay, once a history scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, has written some twenty books, mostly works of history. He is married to Julia Keay and they have four children.

Matthew Weinreb is a renowned architectural photographer. The son of Ben Weinreb, he was the first winner of the European award for Architectural Photographer of the Year and continues to win accolades for his work. He has published a number of books and shoots for clients all over the world. His imagery is available online at imagefind.com.

Picture Acknowledgements

First and Second Editions

Maurice B. Adams, Artists Homes, 1883. BBC Hulton Picture Library. W.H. Blanch, Ye Parish of Camberwell, 1875. The British Architect xxiii, 1885. British Architectural Library, RIBA, London. By courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum. The Builder, 1867 and 1862. Cassells Family Magazine, 1877. Cassells Old and New London, 1897, Vols 6 and 2. The Directors of Coutts and Company. T. Dawtrey Drewitt, Romance of the Apothecaries Garden, 1922. Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth. Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Chatsworth Settlement. Fotomas Index. Greenwich Local History Library. Guildhall Library, City of London. George Hennelle, Album of Taste and Fashion and Book of Commercial and General Information, 1878. Thomas Holmes, Holmes Great Metropolis or Views and History of London in the 19th Century, c. 1855. Illustrated London News (18421893). Islington Libraries. Peter Jackson. Courtesy of the London Oratory. London Transport Executive. Mansell Collection. Henry Mayhew and John Binny, The Criminal Prisons of London and Scenes of Prison Life, 1862. Museum of London. National Portrait Gallery. R. Nevill, London Clubs, Their History and Treasures, 1909. W.J. Pinks, History of Clerkenwell, 1880. Popperfoto. Prospects of the Most Remarkable Places in and about the City of London. Printed and sold by Hen. Overton, c. 1725. A.W. Pugin, Select Views of Islington etc. 1819. Punch, 1846. Donald Rumbelow. Science Museum, London. T.H. Shepherd and James Elmes, London and its Environs in the 19th century, 1829. Victoria and Albert Museum (Crown Copyright). Westminster Public Libraries. H.B. Wheatley, Bond Street Old and New, c. 1911. Robert Wilkinson, Londinia Illustrata (2 Vols), 1825. W. Wroth, Cremorne and the Later London Gardens, 1907.

Third Edition

The authors and publisher would like to thank Matthew Weinreb, Getty Images and PA Photos for permission to reproduce their images in this book.

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of photographs reproduced in this book. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make restitution at the earliest opportunity.

Acknowledgements

First Edition

In an encyclopaedia such as this the debt to previous writers is of course prodigious; but it has been considered impracticable to enumerate the many hundreds of books which have been consulted, although some of these, such as the Greater London Councils Survey of London and Sir Nikolaus Pevsners Buildings of England, have proved indispensable. We are deeply grateful to the authors and editors of them all. We are also grateful to the archivists and librarians throughout the Greater London area for their unstinting help, as well as to the members of Londons numerous historical societies who have taken so much trouble to answer our questions and, in several cases, to compile the relevant entries. A list of contributors to the Encyclopaedia is given : but we would also like to express our thanks to all those whose help and encouragement have contributed so much to its completion. We are in particular grateful to Michael Alcock, the director at Macmillan who has been responsible for the Encyclopaedia since his firm first undertook to publish it; to Esther Jagger, who has helped us edit every entry; to Robert Updegraff, who has designed the book; to Juliet Brightmore, who has collected and chosen the illustrations; to Geoff Barlow, who has been responsible for the production; to our respective wives, Joan Weinreb and Susan Hibbert, for their invaluable help in a variety of ways; and to Ralph Hyde of the Guildhall Library, who has made his unrivalled knowledge available to us all.