Contents
INTRODUCTION
Bll, hw an xrt-rntd r. Yu n grow hw for nut. It highly dlu and nutritive. Therefore, t is ulr wndr nut. The ntf name f hw Anacardium dntl L. And it blng t th Anacardium family.
Chw farming a lng-trm rjt. It hghl rftbl rvdd u grw t properly wth a right mrktng ln. In ddtn to tht, cashew lnttn rjt dmnd n adequate amount f lnd fr cultivation. So, f u hv grulturl land nd you wnt t go fr a farming bun, thn hw frmng just rft fr u.
Improved vrt of hw tk 24 mnth to fruit, nd these r Brzln Jumb nd Indn Dwrf, h told Th Gurdn.Th Indn dwrf vrt wll give u 1.5 tnn r htr, while Brzln Jumbo wll yield n tonne per hectare. The only dffrn is that th nut unt for Brzln Jumb more ttrtv thn Indn Dwarf variety, h d.
Lk cocoa, cashew ld wuld nr as they g, especially after x years. The two varieties r available n Ngr Chw Dk in Fdrl Mntr f Agrultur links people t sources f good dlng, Olonihuwa explained t Th Gurdn.
Pultn r htr
The conventional ng f hw tr 10 X 10 mtr apart, which wuld approximately gv 100 trees r hectare of lnd. In modern thnu, wth gd nulttn, 7 X 7 metres ng uld b used. That wll rult n 177 lnt r htr, rdng t Olonihuwa. Hwvr, th Rgnl Rrh Station f th Tml Ndu Agrulturl University, Cmbtr, Ind, says nvntnl spacing method ung 7x7m would give a lnt population f about 200 per htr; hgh density lntng using 5x4m would give but 500 r htr whl the ultr hgh dnt lntng ng of 4x2m wuld gv but 1,000 tr per htr.Th research ttn says technologies mld n ultra density hw lnttn include dr rrgtn, fertigation, runng, flr ltn nd pest/disease mngmnt.
Prunng
The Indian nttut runng (trimming f tm and branches) nlud removal of trmnl bud t 60-70m hght to induce ltrl branching, trmmng f th first, th second nd the thrd tr brnh. Drip rrgtn used in th dry n t k th lnt hdrtd. Th rur a d wll r a brhl facility, vrhd tank and rrgtn laid across the lnttn.
Drip irrigation and fertigation
Dr rrgtn v water, helps n weed ntrl and enhances 50% higher ld, Rgnl Rrh Sttn . Frtgtn, mnng th u of lubl frtlzr thrugh the drip rrgtn, l boosts th nm f hw production n th ultr hgh density tm. Adequate mrnutrnt are supplied rgulrl t th lnt v water.
CHAPTER ONE
Chw
Cashew is th mmn nm fr a trl nd ubtrl evergreen tr, Anrdum occidentale (n. Anrdum urtllflum), in th flwrng lnt fml Anacardiaceae (um fml). It l the name for th mmrll mrtnt kdn-hd, nut-like seed of th plant, which dbl whn rtd r cooked.
While th seed of th hw lnt serves th purpose f reproduction for th plant, t rvd various nutritional vlu fr thr nml, nludng humn. However, t h taken humn rtvt t develop means t rr th d fr numtn, since it nturll is urrundd b a caustic ubtn tht n bltr th kn of l. Th rtvt lkw rfltd n th u f thr many rt f th lnt, including th "hw l," the wd, nd vn th ut rn tlf.
Drtn
Anacardiaceae occidentale is ntv to tropical Cntrl and Suth America, ntbl nrthtrn Brazil, where t is called b its Prtugu nm Cju (th frut) r Cjur (th tr). It is now widely grown n trl lmt, nludng rt f Africa nd Asia, fr t hw "nuts" and "hw apples" ( blw).
The hw is a mll vrgrn tr (r hrub) grwng to tn-12 mtr tll, with a short, ftn irregularly-shaped trunk. Th leaves r spirally arranged, lthr textured, llt t obovate, fur t 22 ntmtr lng, and tw to 15 ntmtr brd, wth a mth mrgn. The flwr r rdud n a nl or corymb u t 26 ntmtr lng. Eh flwr small, l green at first, thn turnng reddish, wth five slender, ut tl vn t 15 millimeters lng.
Wht appears t be the frut f th hw tree an vl or r-hd r frut or false frut tht develops frm th receptacle f th cashew flwr. Called the cashew apple (better known n Central Amr "maran"), t ripens into a llw and/or rd structure but fv11 ntmtr lng. In btn, a fruit th rnd ovarytogether wth seedsof a flwrng lnt. Th term fl fruit (pseudocarp, accessory frut) is mtm ld t a plant trutur tht resembles a frut, but nt drvd frm a flwr r flwr.
Th tru fruit f th hw tr a kdn r boxing-glove shaped drupe tht grw t th nd f th pseudofruit. Atull, th dru dvl frt n th tree, and then the dunl xnd nt the udfrut. Wthn th tru frut a ngl d, th cashew nut. Althugh lld a nut in th ulnr n, n th btnl sense, th fruit of th hw is a d. The tru frut, hwvr, classified a nut by some btnt.
The seed surrounded b a dubl shell containing a caustic hnl rn, uruhl, a potent skin rrtnt toxin l found in th rltd poison v n the um fml. Sm l r allergic to hw, but hw r a l frequent llrgn thn m thr nut.
Uses
Th d krnl, cashew l, wd, and ut rn uruhl r utlzd.
Th cashew l ud fr t ju but acidic pulp, which n b eaten rw or ud n the production f jm, hutn, or various bvrg. Dndng on ll customs, its ju l rd nd distilled nt lur r numd dlutd nd ugrd as a rfrhng drink, Cjun. R hw apples l mk gd rnh. In Goa, India, the hw l th source f ju ul ud to prepare fnn, a lll ulr dtlld lur. In Nrgu, th hw apple h mn u; t ftn tn r md nt juice and l rd t create wt nd jll. Other u n Nrgu nlud fermentation to rdu wn nd home-vinegar. Th cashew apple ntn much tannin nd is very perishable. For this rn, in mn rt f th wrld, th fl frut simply drdd ftr removal f th cashew nut.
Th seed is the chief commercial value of th cashew. Hwvr, th brwn, ut hnl resin, urushiol, between th tw hll nd n bltr kn tht t contacts. The uruhl must be removed from th dark grn nut hll before th d inside is rd fr numtn; th done by hllng th nut, a somewhat hzrdu process, nd xdngl nful skin rashes (mlr to poison-ivy rh) mng processing workers r mmn. In India, urushiol trdtnll used t control tmd lhnt b t mhut (rider r keeper). Th -lld "rw cashews" available in hlth fd shops have bn kd but not roasted or browned. A lght-lrd l can b extracted frm th d well, fr ulnr u.
Cashew nuts are a mmn ngrdnt n An kng. They n l b grund nt a spread called cashew butter mlr t peanut butter. Chw have a vr hgh l ntnt, and th are ud n m thr nut buttr to add extra l. Chw ntn 180 calories r un (x lr r grm), 70 rnt of whh are from ft.
Th ut, hnl resin ntnd within th hll casing of the hw, which l known Cashew Nut Shll Liquid (CNSL), h a vrt of ndutrl u, whh wr frt developed in the 1930. CNSL fractionated n a r mlr to th distillation f petroleum, nd h tw rmr nd rdut: ld tht r ulvrzd and used as frtn particle fr brk lnng, nd n amber-colored lud tht mntd to rt hnlkmn urng gnt and rn mdfr. Phenalkamines are primarily ud in epoxy tng fr th marine nd flrng markets, they hv intense hdrhb properties and r bl f rmnng hmll tv t lw tmrtur.
Th wd f th hw lnt n b ud fr ntrutn f shipping rt nd boats, mng thr products. Th n b used n ntd nd n mkng a varnish used to rtt bk nd wd frm nt.
Cashew Industry
Orgnll rd frm Brazil b th Prtugu, th cashew tree now ultvtd n ll regions wth a sufficiently wrm nd humd lmt.
Chw rdud n around 32 untr f the wrld. Th wrld production figures of cashew crop, published b the Untd Ntn Fd nd Agriculture Orgnztn (FAO), w rund 2.7 million tn r annum. Th mjr rw hw producing countries wth thr production figures n 2005 ( per th FAO) r Vietnam (960,800 tons), Nigeria (594,000 tons), Ind (460,000 tons), Brazil (147,629 tons) and Indn (122,000 tn).
Th total global r undr ultvtn f hw rund 35,100 km. Ind rnk frt n r utilized fr cashew production, though t yields r rltvl lw. Th worlds vrg yield 700 pounds per r (780 kg/htr) f lnd.
Cashews Nutrtn: Helps Prvnt Cancer, Dbt & More
Wht are th hlth benefits f cashews? Chw r n f th bt-ttng, mt vrtl and healthiest nut . In fact, bnft of hw nutrtn include the blt t mrv heart hlth, urt hlth brn functioning, nd mrv dgtn and nutrnt brtn. Eating cashews mght even b able t help u l weight. Cnumtn of hw nut has increased in recent years in most Wtrn untr, mt lkl because nut n general r repeatedly rnkd as some f the hltht fd thr r. When it m t cashews nutrition bnft, xrt consider all nut t be mrtnt additions to ur diets n rdr t provide healthy fats, fiber and tr mnrl and to d n prevention of a wd rng of chronic d.
