Michael Schaack - Anarchy and Anarchists: Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and in Deed

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Anarchy and Anarchists: Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and in Deed
Author:
Michael Schaack
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Library of Alexandria
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Year:
2021
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TRANSCRIBERS NOTE:

Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.

Anarchy and Anarchists.

A HISTORY OF
THE RED TERROR AND THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION
IN AMERICA AND EUROPE.

COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM, AND NIHILISM

IN DOCTRINE AND IN DEED.

THE CHICAGO HAYMARKET CONSPIRACY,

AND THE DETECTION AND TRIAL OF THE CONSPIRATORS.

Michael J. Schaack,

Captain of Police .

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM AUTHENTIC PHOTOGRAPHS, AND FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS

By Wm. A. McCullough, Wm. Ottman, Louis Braunhold, True Williams, Chas. Foerster, O. F. Kritzner, and Others.

CHICAGO:

F. J. Schulte & Company.

New York and Philadelphia: W. A. Houghton.

St. Louis: S. F. Junkin & Co. Pittsburg: P. J. Fleming & Co.

MDCCCLXXXIX.

THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS WORK ARE ALL ORIGINAL, AND ARE
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT.

TO
HON. JOSEPH E. GARY
AND TO
HON. JULIUS S. GRINNELL
THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY
THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

*
**

IT has seemed to me that there should be a history of the development, the revolt, and the tragedy of Anarchy in Chicago. This history I have written as impartially and as fairly as I knew how to write it. I have kept steadily before my eyes the motto,

Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.

It will be found in the succeeding pages that neither animosity against the revolutionists, nor partiality to the State, has influenced the work. I have dealt with this episode in Chicagos history as calmly and as fairly as I am able. I have tried to put myself in the position of the misguided men whose conspiracy led to the Haymarket explosion and to the gallows; to understand their motives; to appreciate their idealsfor so only could this volume be properly written.

And to present a broader view, I have added a history of all forms of Socialism, Communism, Nihilism and Anarchy. In this, though necessarily brief, it has been the purpose to give all the important facts, and to set forth the theories of all those who, whether moderate or radical, whether sincerely laboring in the interests of humanity or boisterously striving for notoriety, have endeavored or pretended to improve upon the existing order of society.

After the dynamite bomb exploded, carrying death into the ranks of men with whom I had been for years closely associatedafter an impudent attack had been made upon our law and upon our system, which I was sworn to defendit came to me as a duty to the State, a duty to my dead and wounded comrades, to bring the guilty men to justice; to expose the conspiracy to the world, and thus to assist in vindicating the law. How the duty was performed, this story tells.

It is a plain narrative whose interest lies in the momentous character of the facts which it relates. Much of it is now for the first time given to the public. I have drawn upon the records of the case, made in court, but more especially upon the reports made to me, during the progress of the investigation, by the many detectives who were working under my direction.

I can say for my book no more than this: that from the first page to the last there is no material statement which is not to my knowledge true. The reader, then, may at least depend upon the accuracy of the information presented here, even if I cannot make any other claim.

It would be unfair and ungrateful if I did not seize this opportunity to put on lasting record my obligations to Judge Julius S. Grinnell, who was States Attorney during the investigation. His support, steady and full of tact, enabled me to go through with the work, in spite of obstacles deliberately put in my way. My position was a delicate and difficult one: had it not been for him, and for others, success would have been almost impossible.

Nor can I forego this occasion to bear testimony to the magnificent police work done in the case by Inspector Bonfield and his brother, James Bonfield, and by the officers who acted directly with me. These were Lieut. Charles A. Larsen and Officers Herman Schuettler, Michael Whalen, Jacob Loewenstein, Michael Hoffman, Charles Rehm, John Stift and B. P. Baer. Mr. Edmund Furthmann, at that time Assistant States Attorney, as I have elsewhere recorded, worked upon the inquiry into the conspiracy with an acumen, a perseverance and an industry which were beyond all praise. I knew, when he was first associated with me in the case, that the outcome must be a victory for outraged law, and the result vindicated the prediction. To Mr. Thomas O. Thompson and to Mr. John T. McEnnis much of the literary form of this volume is to be credited, and to them also I am under lasting obligations.

Michael J. Schaack.

Chicago, February, 1889.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

*
**

CHAPTER I.

The Beginning of AnarchyThe German School of DiscontentThe Socialist FutureThe Asylum in LondonBirth of a WordWork of the French RevolutionThe Conspiracy of BabeufEtienne Cabets ExperimentThe Colony in the United StatesSettled at NauvooFourier and his SystemThe Familistre at GuiseLouis Blanc and the National Work-shopsProudhon, the Founder of French AnarchyGerman Socialism: Its Rise and DevelopmentRodbertus and his FollowersCapital, by Karl MarxThe Bible of the SocialistsThe Red InternationaleBakounine and his Expulsion from the SocietyThe New ConspiracyFerdinand Lassalle and the Social DemocratsThe Birth of a Great MovementGrowth of DiscontentLeaders after LassalleThe Central Idea of the RevoltAmerican Methods and the Police Position,

CHAPTER II.

Dynamite in Politics-Historical AssassinationsInfernal Machines in FranceThe Inventor of DynamiteM. Noble and his IdeasThe Nitro-CompoundsHow Dynamite is MadeThe New French ExplosiveBlack Jelley and the NihilistsWhat the Nihilists Believe and What they WantThe Conditions in RussiaThe White and the Red TerrorsVera SassoulitchTourgenieff and the Russian GirlThe Assassination of the CzarIt is too Soon to Thank GodThe Dying EmperorTwo Bombs ThrownRunning Down the ConspiratorsSophia Perowskaja, the Nihilist LeaderThe Handkerchief SignalThe Murder RollTried and ConvictedA Brutal ExecutionFive Nihilists Pay the PenaltyLast Words Spoken but UnheardA Deafening TattooThe Book-bomb and the Present CzarStrychnine-coated BulletsSt. Peter and Pauls FortressDynamite Outrages in EnglandThe Record of CrimeTwenty-nine Convicts and their OffensesIngenious Bomb-makingThe Failures of Dynamite,

CHAPTER III.

The Exodus to ChicagoWaiting for an OpportunityA Political Party FormedA Question of $600,000The First Socialist PlatformDetails of the OrganizationWork at the Ballot-BoxStatistics of Socialist ProgressThe International Workingmens Party and The Workingmens Party of the United StatesThe Eleven Commandments of LaborHow the Work was to be DoneA Curious ConstitutionBeginnings of the Labor PressThe Union CongressCriticising the Ballot-BoxThe Executive Committee and its PowersAnnals of 1876A Period of PreparationThe Great Railroad Strikes of 1877The First Attack on SocietyA Decisive DefeatTrying Politics AgainThe Socialistic PartyIts Leaders and its AimsAugust Spies as an EditorBuying the Arbeiter-ZeitungHow the Money was RaisedAnarchist Campaign SongsThe Group OrganizationPlan of the PropagandaDynamite First TaughtThe Bureau of InformationAn Attack on ArbitrationNo Compromise with CapitalUnity of the Internationalists and the Socialists,

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