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Raymond Bushell - Introduction to Netsuke

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Raymond Bushell Introduction to Netsuke

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With dozens of photos and illustrations, A Introduction to Netsuke is a readable and thorough guide to Japanese miniature art.
Among the many Japanese fine arts, few have aroused greater admiration than the netsuke. This miniature piece of Japanese sculpture, approximately 1 1/2 inches in size, was designed (in the absence of pockets on kimonos) as an aid in suspending articles such as tobacco pouches from the sash of a kimono. It developed in ancient times as a utilitarian object, but became in the 16th century an artistic one as well, and flourished as such until 1926. No longer commonly worn, the netsuke is now a collectors item, avidly sought throughout the world by those sensitive to its fine qualities.
This book opens the miniature world of netsuke to those who have hitherto been unaware of its existence. In a delightfully lucid manner, the basics of the netsuke are presented-definition, origin, development, materials, statistics, and photographs. This book admirably fulfills its task of introducing the netsuke to the layman, irresistibly drawing him to new pleasures in aestheticism and culture.

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Acknowledgments

"Ike" Ashida, though the busiest man I know, has shared my search for netsuke and related material for more than twenty years. Often it was his detection, perseverance, and tact that extracted important netsuke from their hiding places. The services of old friends, however, like those of close relatives, are sometimes accepted as due, and only mutely appreciated. This acknowledgment of my debt to Ike, though belated and inadequate, is something I feel deeply.

I am delighted to correspond about any aspect of netsuke. Letters may be addressed to me at the Sumitomo Building, Suite 832, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.

RAYMOND BUSHELL

DUTCHMAN PL 1 The subject of this very large netsuke is a Dutchman holding - photo 1

Picture 2 DUTCHMAN

PL. 1. The subject of this very large netsuke is a Dutchman holding a man-child. The curly hair, beard, and large nose of the foreigner is emphasized. The weirdness is augmented by the child, which is less a baby than a miniature replica of the father.

Material: Ivory

Height: 10.2 cm (4")

Unsigned

Date: 17th or early 18th century

From the collection of Mrs. Sammy Lee, Tokyo. Mrs. Lee is the wife of a prominent Chinese antique and rug dealer. She has 100 choice netsuke, most of which are ivory animals.

SENNIN PL 2 The subject of this very small netsuke is a sennin a member of - photo 3

Picture 4 SENNIN

PL. 2. The subject of this very small netsuke is a sennin, a member of a group of holy men of Taoist legend who live to a great age but remain always youthful and happy. The carving is in imitation of the style of Yoshimura Shuzan, the great name on the roster of netsuke carvers. Shuzan subjects are frequently sennin in colored wood as in the illustration, but many times larger.

Material: Wood, colored in subdued tones

Height: 3.5 cm. Picture 5

Signed: Tetsugen

Date: Late 19th century

Tetsugen is the art name of Hirai Shin, who was born in Osaka in 1879. After Tetsugen reached the age of 36 (1915), he changed his art name to Kyusai. Tetsugen won a prize for carving at the Paris International Exhibit of 1895 at the age of 16. In Japan he is considered one of the great artists of the Meiji-Taisho periods (1868-1925).

From the collection of Mr. Eizaburo Matsubara, Kyoto. Mr. Matsubara is president of a large milk company. He has a vast collection of over 7,000 items of the miniature but characteristic Japanese arts such as netsuke, inro, writing brushes, seals, gourds, etc. He has built a small museum which he plans to use for display of his fine collections.

HORSE PL 3 A superb carving by Kaigyokusai one of the most famous of all - photo 6

Picture 7 HORSE

PL. 3. A superb carving by Kaigyokusai, one of the most famous of all netsuke artists. He is renowned as a perfectionist who demanded perfect material for his work. The raised mane, the fine regular hairlines, the elegance of the carving, and the beauty of the material are all clear in the illustration.

Material: Ivory. The eyes are inlaid in tortoise shell and the pupils in black coral (umimatsu).

Length: 4 cm. (1 1/2")

Signed: Kaigyokusai

Date: 19th century

From the collection of Mr. Michael A. Braun, an American lawyer practicing in Japan. Mr. Braun has a comprehensive collection of excellent quality, comprising more than 1,000 pieces.

CHICKEN PL 4 The animals of the zodiac are common subjects in netsuke but - photo 8

Picture 9 CHICKEN

PL. 4. The animals of the zodiac are common subjects in netsuke, but the chicken is relatively rare, perhaps because of the difficulty of composing or rather compressing the design into the rounded form of a good netsuke.

Material: Ivory

Length: 4.3 cm. (1 7/10")

Signed: Okatomo

Date: 18th century

Okatomo is one of the 54 netsuke carvers mentioned 111 the Soken Kisho. From this we know that he was early (18th century) and that he lived in Kyoto. Other biographical data are missing or scant. Okatomo is most famous for his carving of the quail standing on millet grains, a subject which he apparently carved over and over again. For this reason the subject is a signal for caution. The copier is prone to fake the artist's well-known subjects rather than to create original designs that call for artistic abilities.

From the collection of Zenshiro Horie, Nagoya. Mr. Horie is a fine old gentleman who owns and operates a large automotive factory with more energy than many men half his age. For many years following the war he had a constant flow of Americans to his home as guests. In his generosity he has given away enough netsuke as presents to make two or three respectable collections.

SNAKE PL Material Ivory eyes inlaid in evanescent glass Length 66 - photo 10

Picture 11 SNAKE

PL.

Material: Ivory, eyes inlaid in evanescent glass

Length: 6.6 cm. (2 5/8")

Signed: Rantei

Date: 19th century

Purchased from Spink and Son, London.

Picture 12 NATURAL STONE

PL. 6. A natural stone carefully selected for use as a netsuke. It is a good size and the hole through the stone permits easy attachment of a cord for suspending a hanging object.

Height: 4.7 cm. (1 7/8")

Unsigned

Date: Uncertain but early

From the collection of Shigeo Hazama, Kanazawa. Mr. Ha-zama is a successful real estate operator. He is one of the very few collectors in Western Japan, and has a small but excellent collection.

THE FOUR CLASSES PL 7 The carpenter artisan with his marker and angle - photo 13
THE FOUR CLASSES PL 7 The carpenter artisan with his marker and angle - photo 14
Picture 15 THE FOUR CLASSES

PL. 7. The carpenter (artisan) with his marker and angle rule, the merchant with his abacus, the samurai with his swords and fan, and, with his back only showing in the illustration, the farmer with his pipe and hand plowthese four figures represent society in feudal Japan.

Material: Ivory

Height: 3 cm. (1 1/5")

Width: 3.9 cm. (1 3/5")

Signed: Issen

Date: Early or middle 19th century

From the collection of Michael A. Braun, Tokyo.

INRO AND NETSUKE PL 8 An inro and netsuke in red lacquer tsuishu made by - photo 16

Picture 17
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