Praise for Being Prime Minister
Each of the remarkable people who have occupied Canadas highest office are brought vividly to life on the pages of this immensely readable book. A super fun and worthwhile read.
Senator Linda Frum
With lively anecdotes and thoughtful insights, Stewart reminds us that there are human beings behind the headlines. This absorbing and original book explores aspects of political life that are too often ignored.
Charlotte Gray, author of The Promise of Canada
Bursts with details and anecdotes on the daily lives of the very human men and woman who have led us. A trove of trivia treasures.
John Ibbitson, Globe and Mail journalist and author of Stephen Harper
A valuable and insightful look at the triumphs, trials, and tribulations of the people who have held the highest office in the land. A must read for anyone who wants a better understanding of what it takes to lead our country.
Don Newman, retired senior parliamentary editor for CBC Television
A fun and fascinating book that reminds us that prime ministers are human, each with unique strengths, quirks, and foibles. Well researched, crisply written, and refreshingly non-partisan, it is immensely enjoyable, gossipy, heartwarming.
John Boyko, author of Cold Fire
Copyright
Copyright J.D.M. Stewart, 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purpose of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.
Cover design: Laura Boyle
Cover image: istock.com/CSA-Printstock
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Stewart, J. D. M., author
Being prime minister / J.D.M. Stewart.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-4597-3848-5 (softcover).--ISBN 978-1-4597-3849-2 (PDF).-
ISBN 978-1-4597-3850-8 (EPUB)
1. Prime ministers--Canada--Biography. 2. Prime ministers-
Canada. I. Title.
FC26.P7S74 2018 971.050922 C2018-901298-6
C2018-901299-4
We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts, which last year invested $153 million to bring the artsto Canadians throughout the country, and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Ontario Book Publishing Tax Credit and the Ontario Media Development Corporation, and the Government of Canada.
Nous remercions le Conseil des arts du Canada de son soutien. Lan dernier, le Conseil a investi 153 millions de dollarspour mettre de lart dans la vie des Canadiennes et des Canadiens de tout le pays.
Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.
J. Kirk Howard, President
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Dedication
For my students, past, present, and future
Contents
The Prime Ministers of Canada
Prime Minister | Political Party | Dates in Office |
Sir John A. Macdonald | Conservative | 186773; 187891 |
Alexander Mackenzie | Liberal | 187378 |
Sir John J.C. Abbott | Conservative | 189192 |
Sir John S.D. Thompson | Conservative | 189294 |
Sir Mackenzie Bowell | Conservative | 189496 |
Sir Charles Tupper | Conservative | 1896 |
Sir Wilfrid Laurier | Liberal | 18961911 |
Sir Robert L. Borden | Conservative/Union | 191120 |
Arthur Meighen | Conservative | 192021; 1926 |
W.L.M. King | Liberal | 192126; 192630; 193548 |
R.B. Bennett | Conservative | 193035 |
Louis St. Laurent | Liberal | 194857 |
John Diefenbaker | Progressive Conservative | 195763 |
Lester B. Pearson | Liberal | 196368 |
Pierre Trudeau | Liberal | 196879; 198084 |
Joe Clark | Progressive Conservative | 197980 |
John Turner | Liberal | 1984 |
Brian Mulroney | Progressive Conservative | 198493 |
Kim Campbell | Progressive Conservative | 1993 |
Jean Chrtien | Liberal | 19932003 |
Paul Martin | Liberal | 20036 |
Stephen Harper | Conservative | 200615 |
Justin Trudeau | Liberal | 2015 |
Introduction
W ho is the prime minister of Canada? Politically, he or she is a member of Parliament and leader of the Government of Canada. In the past, the occupant of this position has been described as first among equals in relation to the Cabinet he leads, but in practice the PM is, by far, the most powerful figure in Canadian politics. This is despite the fact that the prime minister has no formal constitutional power. As the late political scientist and McGill University professor J.R. Mallory noted in his 1984 book, The Structure of Canadian Governmen t : The office of prime minister, the most important single office in the government, is, while not unknown to the law, entirely lacking in a legal definition of its powers.
Unlike the president of the United States, whose powers are specifically spelled out in that countrys Constitution, the prime minister has no clearly defined constitutional authority; and yet the PM has enormous control over the government in Canada. He appoints and directs the Cabinet, which is at the heart of the executive branch; leads the direction of the government in the House of Commons (the legislative branch) and outside of it; and appoints justices to the court system, including the Supreme Court (Stephen Harper appointed eight), part of the judicial branch. He also effectively appoints the governor general, senators, heads of the military, deputy ministers, and ambassadors; the prime minister is also the countrys leader in its foreign relations, notably with the United States, and also represents the country at numerous international summits and organizations such as NATO or the U.N. He or she is the national and global face of the government and country, and as such is the single most important figure in Canadian politics. In addition to all of that, the PM leads a national political party. As Brian Mulroney once noted, The traditional definition of the prime ministers role as primus inter pares is, in reality, on a daily basis significantly understated.