Virginia Loh-Hagan - Ernest Shackleton: Survival in the Antarctic

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Book:
Ernest Shackleton: Survival in the Antarctic
Author:
Virginia LohHagan
Publisher:
45th Parallel Press
Genre:
Books / Detective and thriller
Year:
2018
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Table of Contents

Guide

Published in the United States of America by Cherry Lake Publishing
Ann Arbor, Michigan
www.cherrylakepublishing.com

Reading Adviser: Marla Conn MS, Ed., Literacy specialist, Read-Ability, Inc.
Book Designer: Felicia Macheske

Photo Credits: river34/Shutterstock.com, cover; Wim Hoek/Shutterstock.com, 5; bruno pagnanelli/
Shutterstock.com, 7; Bain News Service, Publisher. Lieut. Shackleton. , . [No Date Recorded on Caption Card]
Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/ggb2004004777/. (Accessed
August 28, 2017.), 8; Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com, 11; Manamana/Shutterstock.com, 12; kiin/
Shutterstock.com, 15; VILevi/Shutterstock.com, 17; jo Crebbin/Shutterstock.com, 19; Tim Greyhavens/
Shutterstock.com, 20; SindreEspejord/iStock.com, 22; BMilitarist/Shutterstock.com, 25; BigRoloImages/
Shutterstock.com, 27; Photomontage/Shutterstock.com, 28

Graphic Elements Throughout: Gordan/Shutterstock.com; adike/Shutterstock.com; Yure/Shutterstock.com

Copyright 2018 by Cherry Lake Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any means without written permission from the publisher.

45th Parallel Press is an imprint of Cherry Lake Publishing.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Loh-Hagan, Virginia, author.
Title: Ernest Shackleton : survival in the Antarctic / by Virginia Loh-Hagan.
Description: Ann Arbor, Michigan : Cherry Lake Publishing, 2018. | Series:
True survival | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Audience:
Grade 4 to 6.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017029641| ISBN 9781534107694 (hardcover)
| ISBN 9781534109674 (pdf) | ISBN 9781534108684 (pbk.)
| ISBN 9781534120662 (hosted ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Shackleton, Ernest Henry, Sir, 1874-1922Juvenile
literature. | ExplorersGreat BritainBiography--Juvenile literature. |
AntarcticaDiscovery and explorationBritishJuvenile literature.
Classification: LCC G875.S5 L65 2018 | DDC 919.8904092 [B] dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017029641

Cherry Lake Publishing would like to acknowledge the work of The Partnership for 21st Century Skills.
Please visit www.p21.org for more information.

Printed in the United States of America
Corporate Graphics

chapter one

Dreaming
of Ice

Who was Ernest Shackleton? What were
his goals?

Sir Ernest Shackleton was born in 1874. He was
born in Ireland. He lived in London. His father was
a doctor. He wanted Ernest to be a doctor, too. But
Ernest didnt like school. He liked adventures. He
wanted to be an explorer . Explorers find new lands.

Shackleton joined the merchant navy. Merchant
means trading. The merchant navy carried people and
things. Shackleton joined at age 16. He traveled to
many places. He saw many things.

He wanted to explore Antarctica . This is the land
around the South Pole.

Antarctica is covered with ice.

Patrick Bergel is Shackletons great-grandson. He got a small team together. They traveled across Antarctica in a car. They were the first to do this. They traveled over 3,500 miles (5,633 kilometers). They drove for more than 30 days. They drove 20 hours a day. They traveled over snow. They traveled through snowstorms. They traveled through freezing weather. They drove a regular car. They drove a Hyundai Sante Fe. Bergel brought Shackletons diaries with him. He said, Getting to the South Pole was a special moment. The fact that this was a place my great-grandfather tried to get to more than once and I was there, it felt like a genuine connection. Bergel finished Shackletons trip. He did it 100 years later.

He joined an expedition . Expeditions are learning
trips. This was in 1901. The ship he was on was called the
Discovery . He went with a small team. They got closer
to the South Pole than anyone else. But Shackleton got
sick. He was sent home.

He was crazy about seeing the South Pole. He
wanted to be the first person there. He tried again. This
happened in 1907. He led his own expedition. His ship
was called the Nimrod . His team got closer to the South
Pole. They were 97 miles (156 kilometers) away from it.
They climbed a volcano. They were the first to do this.

Mount Erebus is Antarcticas second-highest volcano.

There was very bad weather. They got sick. They
were running out of food. Shackleton gave his only
biscuit to a friend. They didnt want to die. So they
turned back. They went back to England. Shackleton
became a hero.

People liked Shackleton. They called him the
Boss. They thought he was a good leader.

In 1911, Shackletons dreams were crushed. Roald
Amundsen reached the South Pole. Shackleton didnt
quit. He made a new goal. He wanted to be the first to
cross Antarctica. He wanted to go from sea to sea. He
wanted to do this on foot. He wanted to pass through
the South Pole.

Shackletons 1907 expedition was called the Great Southern Journey.

chapter two

Lost in Ice

What was the Trans-Antarctic Expedition?
What happened to the ship?

Shackleton led a new trip in 1914. It was called the
Trans-Antarctic Expedition. His ship was named the
Endurance . Endurance means to not quit.

Shackleton needed a crew . Crews are workers.
He put out an ad. He told the truth. This is what he
said: The trip would be dangerous. It wouldnt pay
much. It would be cold. There would be long months
of darkness. A safe return was unsure. But men would
be celebrated.

More than 5,000 men applied. Shackleton talked
to the men. He asked strange questions. For example,
he asked if they could sing. He picked 26 men. His
crew was ready.

The Endurance sailed on the same day that
Germany declared war in World War I.

They set sail. First, they went to South Georgia.
This island is in the southern Atlantic Ocean. They
left the island. They wouldnt touch land again for
497 days.

They didnt reach Antarctica. Ice crushed the ship.
They were lost. They were trapped in ice. Huge ice
chunks surrounded them.

Their ship was sinking. Shackleton said, Shes going
down! He ordered his crew to leave the ship. They
packed their things. They set up camp on floating ice.
They drifted on these ice sheets. They drifted for 10
months. They hoped to drift to an island.

An ice floe is a large flat pack of floating ice.

Antarctica is in the southern part of the planet. Few plants grow there. Few animals live there. Its one of the coldest places on Earth. Its one of the windiest places on Earth. It has one of driest places on Earth. This area is called the Dry Valleys. There are lots of snowstorms. The snow is so cold it is dry. Antarctica has 90 percent of all the ice on the planet. The ice is not one smooth sheet. It always changes. Glaciers are large, floating chunks of ice. Theyre all over. They crack and break. There are fields of cracked ice. The cracks can be hundreds of feet deep. Thin layers of snow cover the cracks.

chapter three

Desperate
Times

How did the crew live? How did
they suffer?

The crew was scared. They were cold. They were bored.
Shackleton tried to keep the men happy. He wanted to
keep their spirits up. He had them play games. He had
them sing to each other. He had them put on shows.

The crew had brought 69 dogs. The dogs weighed
about 100 pounds (45 kilograms) each. They were
working dogs. They were used to carry things across

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