Virginia Loh-Hagan - Alice H. Parker and the Furnace

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cover

Alice H. Parker

and the Furnace

By Virginia Loh-Hagan

21st Century

Junior Library

Published in the United States of America by

Cherry Lake Publishing

Ann Arbor, Michigan

www.cherrylakepublishing.com

Content Adviser: Kirsten Edwards, MA, Educational Studies

Reading Adviser: Marla Conn, MS, Ed., Literacy specialist, Read-Ability, Inc.

Photo Credits: Olivier Le Moal/Shutterstock.com, Cover, 1; LightField Studios/Shutterstock.com, 4; 12019/

Pixabay.com, 6; LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okamoto/Serial No. A1030-8a/Public Domain/LBJ Library, 8; Harry Green/

Shutterstock.com, 10; Alice H. Parker (US1325905-1)/United States Patent and Trademark Office/www.uspto.gov,

12; Toonzzz/Shutterstock.com, 14; JaySi/Shutterstock.com, 16; Andrey_Popov/Shutterstock.com, 18; PointImages/

Shutterstock.com, 20

Copyright 2019 by Cherry Lake Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without written permission

from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been filed and is available at catalog.loc.gov

Cherry Lake Publishing would like to acknowledge the work of The Partnership for 21st Century Skills.

Please visit www.p21.org for more information.

Printed in the United States of America

Corporate Graphics

ISBN 9781684520954 (ebook)

CONTENTS

5 A Woman

11 An Idea

17 A Legacy

22 Glossary

Find Out More

Index

About the Author

Inventors make life easier for us .

A Woman

What do you do when you get cold ? What

do you do when you get hot ? Today , you can

change the room temperature . You can

heat up or cool down a room . You dont have

to do much to make this happen . You turn a

dial or you flip a switch . This is because of

Alice H . Parker .

Parker was an African American woman .

She invented a special furnace . Furnaces

heat homes and buildings .

Howard University has provided higher education to

African Americans since 1866 .

Parker lived in Morristown , New Jersey .

Around 1910 , she studied at Howard

University . She was a great student . She

earned top grades in her classes . She

earned a certificate .

Howard University is a special school . It

is in Washington , D.C ., which is the nations

capital . It was one of the few schools that

Create!

Create your own invention . Parker added to what she already

knew about furnaces . She made them better . Think about

something you use every day . How can you make it better ?

African Americans didnt get the right to vote until 1965 .

taught black students . It also taught

women . It was difficult for both these

groups to have higher education during

that time .

During Parkers life , few African

Americans were educated . Even fewer

African American women were educated .

Black women faced many challenges . They

were not treated fairly . They were not given

the same opportunities .

Parker was highly educated for her time .

But she had to work extra hard . She had to

fight against racism . She also fought

against sexism . She didnt quit .

Furnace systems have been around since ancient Rome .

An Idea

Morristown gets cold in the winter . Parker

was tired of being cold . She had to rely on

fireplaces to make heat . Fireplaces were

limited . They didnt heat up the whole

house . They were also a lot of work . People

had to chop wood to build the fires . They

had to watch the fires . It was unsafe to

leave it unattended . Fireplaces were also

messy . The smoke from the fireplace would

Parkers plans included vents that could be moved .

sometimes fill the house . Fireplaces also

left ash . It went everywhere.

Parker saw an opportunity . She wanted

to make life better . She wanted to make life

easier . She designed a heating furnace .

She got a patent on December , 1919 .

Other people had invented furnaces . But

Parker improved their designs . She used

gas to power the furnace . This got rid of

the need for coal or wood . She designed

air ducts . These ducts delivered heat to

different parts of the building .

Parkers design also saved energy . She

came up with a way to control heat . Hot air

could move to different rooms by using

Inventors build on each others ideas .

multiple burners . All of this was managed

by a switch . People could have more control

over temperatures .

Her design wasnt ready to be built .

There were safety issues with the heat flow .

But her idea led to many more important

ideas . Other inventors used her ideas .

Think!

Imagine a time before furnaces . Think about what you would

do . Could you chop wood every day ? Could you tend a fire all

day long ? What would your life be like ?

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