Scott Ellsworth - The Ground Breaking: The Tulsa Race Massacre and an American Citys Search for Justice

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Book:
The Ground Breaking: The Tulsa Race Massacre and an American Citys Search for Justice
Author:
Scott Ellsworth
Publisher:
Icon Books
Genre:
Books / Detective and thriller
Year:
2021
Rating:
3 / 5
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** Chosen by Oprah Daily as one of the Best Books to Pick Up in May 2021 **
Fast-paced but nuanced ... impeccably researched ... a much-needed book The Guardian
[S]o dystopian and apocalyptic that you can hardly believe what you are reading. ... But the story [it] tells is an essential one, with just a glimmer of hope in it. Because of the work of Ellsworth and many others, America is finally staring this appalling chapter of its history in the face. Its not a pretty sight. Sunday Times
A gripping exploration of the worst single incident of racial violence in American history, timed to coincide with its 100th anniversary.
On 31 May 1921, in the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, a mob of white men and women reduced a prosperous African American community, known as Black Wall Street, to rubble, leaving countless dead and unaccounted for, and thousands of homes and businesses destroyed.
But along with the bodies, they buried the secrets of the crime. Scott Ellsworth, a native of Tulsa, became determined to unearth the secrets of his home town. Now, nearly 40 years after his first major historical account of the massacre, Ellsworth returns to the city in search of answers. Along with a prominent African American forensic archaeologist whose family survived the riots, Ellsworth has been tasked with locating and exhuming the mass graves and identifying the victims for the first time. But the investigation is not simply to find graves or bodies - it is a reckoning with one of the darkest chapters of American history.
[A] riveting, painful-to-read account of a mass crime that, to our everlasting shame ... has avoided justice. Ellsworths book presents us with a clear history of the Tulsa massacre and with that rendering, a chance for atonement ... Readers of this book will fervently hope we take that opportunity. Washington Post

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Praise for The Ground Breaking

This book should be essential reading for anyone interested in an honest grappling with our racial past and with the task of moving forward.

Kenneth W. Mack, professor of history at Harvard University, professor of law at Harvard Law School, and author of Representing the Race

Those who find themselves mystified when Americas white power movement storms the U.S. Capitol in 2021 need to take a good look back at Tulsa, Oklahoma a century ago [Scott Ellsworths] literally ground-breaking research and engaging prose pull us toward the call of justice today.

Rev. Dr. William J. Barber II, Co-chair, Poor Peoples Campaign, and author of The Third Reconstruction

Heartbreaking and inspiring.

Beto ORourke

Absolutely riveting Anyone interested in Americas future should read it as a template for the reconciliation that lies ahead.

Tim Blake Nelson, actor and Tulsa native

A brilliant update that recounts the events with the swiftness of an especially grim crime thriller An essential historical record surrounding heinous events that have yet to be answered with racial justice.

Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

The Ground Breaking will rattle you, and it should. It will move you toward a harder wisdom, and it must.

Timothy B. Tyson, Senior Research Scholar at Duke University, and author of The Blood of Emmett Till and Blood Done Sign My Name

I believe that the path of true racial reconciliation runs through millions of American Whites, whose hearts would be changed if they only knew our history. To those people I would simply say this: Please read this book.

Tim Madigan, award-winning author of The Burning: The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921

Immensely readable and thoroughly engaging, The Ground Breaking is a remarkable blend of history and memoir that could not be more timely and informative. Taut, tense, and meticulously composed, Scott Ellsworths elegant narrative is both mesmerizing and enlightening.

Gilbert King, Pulitzer prizewinning author of Devil in the Grove

vii

For Craig Ryan and Kathy Narramore

Amici veri

CONTENTS

The survivors called it the riot.

Sitting at their own kitchen tables, or in front of a television news camera crew, this was the term that they used to describe the horrific events that they endured in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on May 31 and June 1, 1921. Sometimes they would say race riot, but most of the time the one-word version would do. It was pride that fought the riot, it was pride that rebuilt after the riot, was how survivor W. D. Williams put it.

Over the years, however, other names have surfaced as well. Some referred to the tragic happenings as a race war. Others called it a disaster, the Tulsa event, or a pogrom. In an interview with a journalist some twenty years ago, I once likened it to an American Kristallnacht. That wasnt a stretch. Today, the term of choice is massacre, as in the Tulsa race massacre.

All of these terms capture something of what took place. But in truth, none of them can describe it completely. For what happened in one American city during the late spring of 1921 defies easy definition. xii

The Canes

Friday

July 19, 2019

N oe saw her first.

We had just dropped down to the lower level, with the railroad tracks behind us and the river in front. Pushing our way past the hickory and ash trees and through the knee-high weeds, we had followed the dirt trail down the embankment to a flat ribbon of earth, maybe one hundred yards long and fifteen yards wide. Sheltered by the high branches of the cottonwoods, the narrow shelf of land had a peaceful, almost cathedral-like feel. Tufts of soft grass carpeted the forest floor, while sparrows and chickadees flitted by overhead. Had it not been for the trash and the overbearing smell of the open-air privy, it might not have seemed like a homeless camp at all.

She had heard us coming. Rising up quickly, she was wearing a white shirt and pink shorts, with newish-looking running shoes and quarter socks. Her reddish-brown hair, in a pixie, had been recently cut, while her complexion was clear and her fingernails were clean. She was maybe in her early twenties. But out on the street, someones age can be tough to gauge with any degree of accuracy. Later on, I asked Noe, who was an outreach worker with the Mental Health Association of Oklahoma, to create a mini-biography of her, one based both on his experience and on what hed just observed. He thought carefully before he answered. She hasnt been out long, but shes likely been homeless before, he said. Probably not addicted to any drugs. Maybe some mental health issues. Her name was Angel. As we drew near, she lifted the bottom hem of her shirt to show us the handle of the knife stuck into the waistband of her shorts. Above us, you could hear the wind in the treetops.

Angels campsite consisted of a piece of blue plastic tarp wrapped in a semicircle around a couple of bushes. Within the perimeter was a relatively new bicycle lying on its side, a Coleman lantern, a pair of rolled-up sleeping bags, and a small pile of clothes and personal items. Nearby, scattered throughout the woods and brush, were other tents, some big enough to stand up in, others sun-bleached castoffs from camping trips taken decades earlier. Most looked either abandoned or unoccupied, but it was hard to know for certain.

From her half-circle home, Angel could look out across the slow-moving waters of the Arkansas River toward the oil refineries on the other side. Sometimes fish would rise in the shallows nearest the bank. Other times, wrens and swallows would arc across the river and then disappear into the trees. High above us, maybe fifty yards downstream, the midmorning traffic rumbled along the I-244 bridge, oblivious to the trio of people and the homeless camp on the forgotten patch of riverbank below. We were less than a mile from the heart of downtown Tulsapopulation four hundred thousand, with a metropolitan area of nearly one millionin a city that was proud of its beautiful homes and churches, its Art Deco architecture, and its world-class museums and vibrant music scene. Indeed, that very week, Cardi B and Shawn Mendes would each perform in front of thousands of screaming fans at the BOK Center, a glittery, $196 million arena located less than eight blocks away.

You want some packets? Noe asked her.

Reaching into the day pack slung over his shoulder, he grabbed a handful of quart-size plastic zip bags. Most of them contained a toothbrush, toothpaste, and travel-size containers of lotion and hand sanitizer. Others held bars of soap, breath mints, mini-deodorants. But each and every packet included a pair of socks. Thats the first thing to go when youre out on the street, Noe had told me back at the outreach center. Angel wouldnt respond at first. Instead she kept looking behind us, her gray-green eyes darting toward the path through the trees that we had come in on. She mumbled something about her partner getting back any minute now. It was obvious that the sudden appearance of two strange men in the nearly deserted homeless camp had made her very nervous. She wouldnt look either of us in the eye.

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