Najeeb M. (Najeeb Mitry) Saleeby - Studies in Moro History, Law, and Religion

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Department of the Interior

Ethnological Survey Publications

Volume IV, Part I

Studies in Moro History, Law, and Religion

By
Najeeb M. Saleeby

Manila
Bureau of Public Printing
1905

Studies in Moro History, Law, and Religion

Letter of Transmittal

Department of the Interior,
The Ethnological Survey ,
Manila, December 21, 1904.

Sir : I have the honor to transmit a series of papers on Moro history, law, and religion consisting of original studies and translations from Moro texts made by Dr. Najeeb M. Saleeby. I recommend that these papers be published as Part I of Volume IV of the scientific studies edited by the Survey.

Very respectfully,

Merton L. Miller ,
Acting Chief of The Ethnological Survey.

Hon. Dean C. Worcester ,
Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I.

Contents

Chapter I

Page

11
11
11
13
16
I.	20
20
20
II.	21
21
23
III.	25
25
26
IV.	28
28
29
V.	31
31
33
VI.	36
36
37
VII.	41
41
42
47
VIII.	49
49
49
50

Chapter II

63
64
64
66
81
81
82
88
89
89
89
90
94
94
95

Chapter III

101

105

Table of Contents

Illustrations

After page
Plate I.	64
II.	64
III.	64
IV.	64
V.	90
VI.	90
VII.	90
VIII.	90
IX.	94
X.	94
XI.	102
XII.	102
XIII.	102
XIV.	106
XV.	106
XVI.	106

Diagrams

No. 1.	22
2.	22
3.	36
4.	36
5.	48

Chapter I

History of Magindanao

Magindanao History and Genealogies

Introduction

The history of Mindanao prior to the advent of Islam is traditional and mythological, and no effort has been made to put it on record. With Islam came knowledge, art, and civilization. A new system of government was instituted and its records were registered. Tarsila were written and the noble lineage of the datus was carefully kept. Each sultanate or datuship kept a separate genealogy. These genealogies, called tarsila or salsila, were very limited in their scope and brief in their narration of events. They are our only source of written information on the early history of the Moros, and are valuable on that account. Previously the Moros withheld these tarsila and kept them away from all foreigners and non-Mohammedans; but their attitude has changed lately, and several different salsila were secured from the chief datus of the Rio Grande Valley.

The original manuscripts could not be bought, but exact and true copies of the same have been secured and translated and their translations are herein published for the first time.

The Transliteration

These tarsila are written in the Magindanao dialect with Arabic characters, and a great part of their text is Magindanao names which have never yet been expressed by means of Romanic characters. In translating these tarsila such a large number of words have to be transliterated that it is deemed necessary to adopt a system of transliteration which can be easily understood by every English reader and which is more adequate to express Magindanao sounds than either Spanish or English. Such a system is herein adopted and is briefly described as follows:

With the exception of ng and sh, the characters used in this system are simple and represent simple sounds only. Every radical modification of a certain simple sound is regarded as a different simple sound and is represented by a separate and distinct character. Every compound sound is represented by those characters that express its simple constituent sounds. It is an unvarying rule in this system that every character represents an invariable sound and every sound has only one invariable character. The Magindanao dialect has only twenty-seven simple sounds and can be expressed by twenty-seven simple characters. These characters are the following:

a, , i, , u, , , b, d, g, ng, h, j, k l, m, n, , p, q, r, s, sh, t, w, y, z

The sounds which these characters represent conform very closely to the original Roman sounds of the letters.

a	is the short sound of ; it is pronounced midway between the a in bad and the e in bed
is pronounced as the a in far, father
i	is pronounced as the i in fin, ill
is pronounced as the i in machine, police
u	is pronounced as the u in put, push
is pronounced as the u in rude, flute
is a midvowel, pronounced with the tongue slightly moved from its normal position; it is intermediate between u and e, and is somewhat related to the u in hurt
b, d, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t	are pronounced as in English
g	is always hard, as the g in gold, get
ng	has a guttural-nasal sound like the ng in ring
h	has an aspirate sound and should be always pronounced like the h in hill, behind
j	is rarely used; when used it is pronounced like the s in adhesion, vision
has a distinct palato-nasal sound and is related to the Spanish in seor; it is generally followed by ya
q	is a clicking, guttural sound related to k
sh	is equivalent to sh in ship
w	is always consonantal and sounds like the w in we, twin, water
y	is always consonantal and sounds like the y in you, yes, beyond
z	is pronounced midway between

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