Mark Twain - Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3: The Complete and Authoritative Edition

BENJAMIN GRIFFIN AND HARRIET ELINOR SMITH, EDITORS

Associate Editors

Victor Fischer

Michael B. Frank

Amanda Gagel

Sharon K. Goetz

Leslie Diane Myrick

Christopher M. Ohge

A publication of the Mark Twain Project of The Bancroft Library

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

Frontispiece: Clemens departing for England on the SS Minneapolis, 8 June 1907. Photograph by Albert Bigelow Paine in the Mark Twain Papers.

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Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3 Copyright 2015, 2001 by the Mark Twain Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Transcription, reconstruction, and creation of the texts, introduction, notes, and appendixes Copyright 2015 by The Regents of the University of California. The Mark Twain Foundation expressly reserves to itself, its successors and assigns, all dramatization rights in every medium, including without limitation stage, radio, television, motion picture, and public reading rights, in and to the Autobiography of Mark Twain and all other texts by Mark Twain in copyright to the Mark Twain Foundation.

All texts by Mark Twain in Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3 have been published previously, by permission of the Mark Twain Foundation, in the Mark Twain Projects Microfilm Edition of Mark Twains Literary Manuscripts Available in the Mark Twain Papers, The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley (Berkeley: The Bancroft Library, 2001), and some texts have been published previously in one or more of the following: Bernard DeVoto, editor, Mark Twain in Eruption (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1940); Charles Neider, editor, The Autobiography of Mark Twain, Including Chapters Now Published for the First Time (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1959). Unless otherwise noted, all illustrations are reproduced from original documents in the Mark Twain Papers of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

MARK TWAIN PROJECT is a registered trademark of The Regents of the University of California in the United States and the European Community.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Twain, Mark, 18351910

[Autobiography]

Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3 / editors: Benjamin Griffin, Harriet Elinor Smith ; associate editors: Victor Fischer, Michael B. Frank, Amanda Gagel, Sharon K. Goetz, Leslie Diane Myrick, Christopher M. Ohge

p. cm. (The Mark Twain Papers)

A publication of the Mark Twain Project of The Bancroft Library.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-520-27994-0 (cloth : alk. paper)

eISBN 978-0-520-96186-9 (ebook)

1. Twain, Mark, 18351910. 2. Authors, American19th centuryBiography. I. Griffin, Benjamin, 1968 II. Smith, Harriet Elinor. III. Fischer, Victor, 1942 IV. Frank, Michael B. V. Gagel, Amanda. VI. Goetz, Sharon K. VII. Myrick, Leslie Diane. VIII. Ohge, Christopher M. IX. Bancroft Library. X. Title.

PS1331.A2 2010

818.40924dc222009047700

Manufactured in the United States of America

23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI / NISO Z 39.481992 ( R 2002) ( Permanence of Paper ).

Editorial work for this volume has been supported by a generous gift to the Mark Twain Project of The Bancroft Library from the

KORET FOUNDATION

and by matching and outright grants from the

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES, an independent federal agency.

Without that support, this volume could not have been produced.

The Mark Twain Project of The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, gratefully acknowledges generous support for editorial work on all volumes of the Autobiography of Mark Twain, and for the addition of important new documents to the Mark Twain Papers, from the following:

The University of California, Berkeley, Class of 1958

Members of the Mark Twain Luncheon Club

The Barkley Fund

Phyllis R. Bogue

The Mark Twain Foundation

Robert and Beverly Middlekauff

Peter K. Oppenheim

The Beatrice Fox Auerbach Foundation Fund at the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving

The House of Bernstein, Inc.

Helen Kennedy Cahill

Kimo Campbell

Lawrence E. Crooks

Mrs. Henry Daggett

Les and Mary De Wall

Mr. and Mrs. Morley S. Farquar

The Renee B. Fisher Foundation

Ann and David Flinn

Peter B. and Robin Frazier

Virginia Robinson Furth

Edward and Andrea Hager

Stephen B. Herrick

The Hofmann Foundation

Don and Bitsy Kosovac

Watson M. and Sita Laetsch

Edward H. Peterson

Roger and Jeane Samuelsen

The Benjamin and Susan Shapell Foundation

Leslie E. Simmonds

Janet and Alan Stanford

Montague M. Upshaw

Jeanne and Leonard Ware

Sheila M. Wishek

Patricia Wright, in memory of Timothy J. Fitzgerald

Peter and Midge Zischke

and

The thousands of individual donors over the past fifty years

who have helped sustain the ongoing work

of the Mark Twain Project.

C

The publication of this volume has been made possible by a gift to the University of California Press Foundation by

WILSON GARDNER COMBS

FRANK MARION GIFFORD COMBS

in honor of

WILSON GIFFORD COMBS

BA 1935, MA 1950, University of California, Berkeley

MARYANNA GARDNER COMBS

MSW 1951, University of California, Berkeley