William Andrews - Dissenting Japan A History of Japanese Radicalism and Counterculture, from 1945 to Fukushima

DISSENTING JAPAN

Dissenting Japan

A History of Japanese Radicalism and
Counterculture, from 1945 to Fukushima

HURST & COMPANY, LONDON

First published in the United Kingdom in 2016 by

C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.,

41 Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3PL

William Andrews, 2016

All rights reserved.

Printed in India

Distributed in the United States, Canada and Latin America by Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

The right of William Andrews to be identified as the author of this publication is asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

A Cataloguing-in-Publication data record for this book is available from the British Library.

978-1-84904-579-7 hardback

eISBN 978-1-84904-919-1

This book is printed using paper from registered sustainable and managed sources.

www.hurstpublishers.com

To know and not to act is the same as not knowing at all.

Wang Yangming

Revolutionary events generally take place in the street.

Henri Lefebvre, The Urban Revolution

I wish to express my sincere thanks to: the Japan Foundation for its library facilities in Tokyo; Patricia G. Steinhoff for being extremely generous with providing unpublished examples of her work and answering my many questions; the staff at the Narita Airport and Community Historical Museum; Jun Nakamura and the Nihon University veterans for being so welcoming; Gasworks for generously supplying the Eric Baudelaire exhibition materials; Marilyn Ivy for her encouragement; Shane OSullivan (E2 Films); Damon Coulter; Ben Stubbings; David W. Plath; the Hoshino Defence Committee and others involved in campaigning for Fumiaki Hoshinos retrial; Kyen Renraku Sent; Michael Dwyer and Hurst; and the numerous people interviewed and consulted in the process of writing this book.

Research was also carried out at the Kji Takazawa Collection at the University of Hawaii and I thank the staff for their assistance during my stay.

Original Japanese names have been used for the most part, not least because their translated forms risk confusion with overseas groups with similar names. Those lending themselves better to acronyms or translation, or otherwise widely discussed with English names, appear mostly in those forms.

Japanese names follow Western order: first names first, surnames last. For claritys sake, italics have been employed with Japanese or other non-English words, except for names or words now popularly used in English. Unless indicated otherwise, all translations are the authors own.

This is an immensely simplified chart showing the main New Left groups. It is not definitive. There are dozens more factions, and many other further connections and mergers are not shown. See the Glossary for details of abbreviated and full names.