Manu S. Pillai - Rebel Sultans: The Deccan from Khilji to Shivaji

1206: Founding of the Delhi Sultanate

1296: Alauddin Khiljis triumph over the Yadavas of Devagiri

1308: Second invasion of Devagiri by Malik Kafur

1310: Malik Kafurs triumph over the Kakatiyas of Warangal

1311: Malik Kafurs triumph over the Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra

1313: Annexation of Devagiri by Malik Kafur

1318: Rebellion of Prataparudra of Warangal quashed

1320: Rise of the Tughluq dynasty in Delhi

1321: Defeat of Sultanate forces at Warangal

1323: Prataparudra is defeated and Warangal is annexed

1325: Muhammad bin Tughluq becomes Sultan

1327: Daulatabad (formerly Devagiri) named capital of the Tughluqs

1335: Tughluqs resume ruling from Delhi

1336: Harihara I, son of Sangama, launches the Vijayanagar empire

1342: The last Hoysala sovereign is hanged in Madurai

1345: Amirs of the Deccan rebel against the Tughluqs

1346: Sangama brothers celebrate their conquests in the south

1347: Hasan Gangu crowned first Bahmani Sultan in Daulatabad

1347: Gulbarga becomes the Bahmani capital

1347: Sangama brothers first start using the title Sultan among Hindu Kings

1351: Death of Muhammad bin Tughluq

1356: Death of Harihara I in Vijayanagar

1358: Death of Hasan Gangu

1363: Kapaya Nayaka presents the Bahmani Sultan the Turquoise Throne

1370: Vijayanagar annexes the short-lived Madurai Sultanate

1378: Bahmanis are defeated by Vijayanagar; a Sultan is murdered

1397: Firoz Shah Bahmani prevails at court and becomes Sultan

1406: Firoz Shah marries a Vijayanagar princess after a military victory

1418: Defeat of the Bahmanis by Vijayanagar

1422: Firoz Shah dies and Ahmad Shah becomes Sultan

1425: Devaraya II succeeds in Vijayanagar and opens an age of glory

1427: Bahmani Sultanate moves its capital to Bidar

1430: Vijayanagar absorbs large numbers of Muslim cavalrymen

1443: Assassination attempt against Devaraya II

1445: Abdur Razzak Samarqandi visits Vijayanagar as ambassador of the Persian Shah

1446: Death of Devaraya II; a slow crisis begins in Vijayanagar

1453: Mahmud Gawan arrives in the Deccan from Persia

1460: Arrival from Persia of the future Yusuf Adil Shah

1463: Mahmud Gawan becomes premier of the Bahmani Sultanate

1470: Sultan-Quli, the future Qutb Shah of Golconda, arrives in the Deccan

1472: Mahmud Gawan captures Goa

1481: Execution of Mahmud Gawan; decline of the Bahmanis begins, the Sultan politically emasculated

1485: Fall of the Sangama dynasty and rise of Saluva Narasimha in Vijayanagar

1489: Bidar comes under the Barid Shahs; the Bahmani Sultan made their puppet

1490: Nizam Shahi founded in Ahmadnagar

1490: Adil Shahi founded in Bijapur

1490: Imad Shahi founded in Berar

1502: The Adil Shah declares his state a Shia polity

1505: Tuluva dynasty (the Third dynasty) seizes power in Vijayanagar

1505: Vijayanagar proposes a marital alliance with the King of Portugal

1509: Krishnadeva becomes Raya of Vijayanagar and launches a second golden age

1510: The Adil Shah loses Goa to the Portuguese

1518: The Qutb Shah in Golconda becomes independent of the nominal sovereignty of the Bahmani Sultan

1520: Krishnadeva conquers Raichur from the Adil Shah

1523: Krishnadeva assumes the title of Restorer of Turkish Power

1524: The Adil Shah and Nizam Shah seal a marital alliance but feud over territory

1526: Fall of the Delhi Sultanate and the rise of the Mughal empire in upper India

1527: The last Bahmani Sultan, Kalimullah, appeals to Mughal emperor Babur for help

1528: Kalimullah escapes Bidar and goes into exile in Ahmadnagar

1529: Krishnadeva dies in Vijayanagar; a period of crisis begins

1530: The Adil Shah resumes control of Raichur

1538: Kalimullah dies and the powerless Bahmani dynasty comes to an end

1542: Ramaraya becomes regent of Vijayanagar and centralizes power in himself

1543: Sultan Quli-Qutb Shah is assassinated; Jamshid becomes ruler; his brother Ibrahim goes into exile in Vijayanagar

1543: Miyan Ali of the Adil Shahi family goes under Portuguese protection

1545: Garcia da Orta comes to the Nizam Shahs court

1550: Jamshid dies and Ibrahim becomes the Qutb Shah in Golconda

1553: Husain Nizam Shah succeeds to the throne in Ahmadnagar

1555: Miyan Alis attempt to seize the Adil Shahi throne with Portuguese aid fails

1558: Ali Adil Shah I comes to power in Bijapur and forms an alliance with Ramaraya of Vijayanagar against the Nizam Shahs

1561: Husain Nizam Shah sues for peace with Vijayanagar and the Adil Shah but resolves to fight again another day

1562: Ramaraya becomes de facto emperor in Vijayanagar

1564: The Qutb Shah, Adil Shah and Nizam Shah ally through marriage and form a league against Vijayanagar

1565: Vijayanagar is destroyed after the Battle of Talikota; Ramaraya is killed

1570: The famous Nujum al-Ulum is produced at the Adil Shahi court

1571: Malik Ambar arrives as a slave in the Deccan

1574: The Nizam Shahs conquer Berar and the dynasty of the Imad Shahs ends

1580: Ali Adil Shah is succeeded by Ibrahim Adil Shah II; Chand Bibi becomes regent

1582: Chand Bibi retires to the Nizam Shahi court at Ahmadnagar

158891: Succession disputes and rivalries in Ahmadnagar; a Nizam Shah is assassinated

1589: The chronicler Ferishta arrives at the Adil Shahi court in Bijapur and writes his history

1591: Mughal Emperor Akbar turns his attention to the Deccan; a new Nizam Shah succeeds in Ahmadnagar

1591: The Qutb Shahs establish the city of Hyderabad outside Golconda

1595: The Nizam Shah dies and Ahmadnagar descends into factional chaos after the brief reign of a half-African Nizam Shahi prince

1595: Mughals lay siege to Ahmadnagar; Chand Bibi defends the city and terms are agreed

1596: Farrukh Beg, the painter, commences his thirteen-year stay at the Adil Shahi court

1597: Chand Bibi, with the Qutb Shah and Ibrahim Adil Shah II, fight the Mughals but the allies are defeated