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Stanley Appelbaum - The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893: A Photographic Record

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Stanley Appelbaum The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893: A Photographic Record
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Originally conceived to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Columbuss discovery of America, the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 was one of the largest (633 acres) and most influential aggregations of human talent, energy, and industry ever assembled. More than 27 million visitors entered the grounds (now Jackson Park) to marvel at the exhibits and displays housed in some 200 buildings, including those of 79 foreign governments and 38 states. Although the Fair had its share of firsts (original Ferris wheel, first midway, Edisons kinetoscope, etc.), its chief marvel was its architecture. It is that aspect which is emphasized in this striking photographic record.
Beginning with an overview of the fairs planning and conceptual stages, Stanley Appelbaums well-researched text then proceeds to a fascinating discussion of the personalities, regional rivalries, and intense controversy surrounding the Beaux-Arts architecture (the White City style) of the fair, including its enormous impact on subsequent American architecture. The contributions of such outstanding architects and firms as R. M. Hunt; McKim, Mead and White; Frederick Law Olmsted; and Peabody and Stearns are described.
The book then becomes a building-by-building walking tour of the fair imaginatively reconstructed with the help of 128 sharply reproduced rare contemporary photographs, printed on fine coated stock, and a concise, fact-filled text. The placid basins, ponds, and Lagoon that graced the fairgrounds lend a serene aura to these priceless views of the great buildings and sights of the fair: the Beaux-Arts glories of the Administration and Agriculture Buildings; Daniel Chester Frenchs statue of the Republic; the Columbian Fountain by Frederick MacMonnies; the Golden Door of Louis Sullivans Transportation Building; the Peristyle; Mary Cassatts mural in the Womans Building; the pure classicism of the Palace of Fine Arts (now the Museum of Science and Industry); numerous state and foreign pavilions, and of course, the Midway the first separate amusement area at a Worlds Fair, and the reputed location of Little Egypts celebrateddanse du ventre.
In the concluding section, the author touches on other memorable aspects of the fair and its times: the Panic of 1893; the Pullman Strike; famous visitors (Archduke Ferdinand, the Spanish Infanta, etc.); cultural and social congresses, and finally, the disastrous fires that ultimately destroyed many of the buildings. For social and cultural historians, Chicagoans, and anyone interested in the special magic of a worlds fair, this book is a loving and nostalgic look back to a time bathed in the golden light of the fin-de-sicle years, when a colossal spectacle of human achievement in art, science, and industry captured the worlds attention for one magic and unforgettable moment.

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Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due first and foremost to - photo 1
Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks are due first and foremost to Dr. Adolf K. Placzek, Avery Librarian at Columbia University, who suggested this book to Dover Publications and made it possible for Dover to photograph directly the 40-odd original platinum-print photographs of the Exposition in the Avery collection.

It is no mere phrase-making when I speak gratefully of the courtesy and helpfulness of Larry A. Viskochil, Curator of the Graphics Collection of the Chicago Historical Society, his assistants Marcia Sommerfeld and Jane Stevens, and all the other staff members with whom it was my pleasure to deal. Nearly 60 of the pictures herein were provided by the Society.

Hayward Cirker, President of Dover, encouraged the project from outset to completion. My editor, James Spero, improved the text in numerous constructive ways.

Michelle Weiss typed the manuscript.

Naturally, any errors are my own and, while fully acknowledging the use I have made of the works listed in the Bibliography, I alone remain responsible for any nuances of opinion that lurk in this basically factual text.


S. A.


NOTE: In October 1979, while the present volume was being set in type, an important exhibition called The American Renaissance, 1876-1917 opened at The Brooklyn Museum in honor of the centenary of the firm of McKim, Mead and White. Included were original works by numerous artists who were associated with the Worlds Columbian Exposition. The well-documented catalogue (same title as the exhibition; published by the Museum; with texts by Michael Botwinick, Richard Guy Wilson, Dianne H. Pilgrim and Richard N. Murray) contains the best single statement to date of the ideals and esthetic principles that actuated the artists of this era, with illuminating examples from every branch of the fine and decorative arts. In the terminology of the Brooklyn publication, the architectural epoch inaugurated by the Boston Public Library is the high or mature period of the American Renaissance.

Another pertinent publication appeared while the present book was being prepared for the press: Reid Badgers The Great American Fair: The Worlds Columbian Exposition & American Culture (Nelson-Hall Publishers, Chicago, 1979). After a brief discussion of the rationale behind Victorian-era worlds fairs in general, the heart of the book deals with the preparations for the 1893 fairthe intercity rivalry, organization, financing, promotion and the likeand provides the longest discussion of these matters currently available.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The listing includes only items that proved of direct use in the making of this book. Item (11), the standard fairground guidebook, is naturally invaluable. Items (39) and (40) are by far the best statement of the architectural program by a participating architect; item (23) is also important in this respect. Readers especially interested in exhibits at the Exposition will find many pictures of national and company pavilions in (24) and of individual objects in (3). Additional views of the Midway and other entertainments, which are not emphasized in the present book, will be found in most of the old picture books listed. Further details of all kinds are gathered most compactly in (3) and (17). For a clear modern discussion of various architectural trends ca. 1890, the present writer is deeply obligated to (54). Item (44) will surely long remain a basic text on the Chicago and Prairie schools of architecture. For items in this list from which pictures are reproduced in the present volume, see Picture Sources on page vii.

BOOKS BEFORE 1900

(1) Arnold, C. D., & Higinbotham, H. D., Official Views of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, Department of Photography, Worlds Columbian Exposition Company, Chicago, 1893.

(2) Authentic Visitors Guide to the Worlds Columbian Exposition and Chicago.... Condensed Information Compiled from Official Sources. Revised to Date, The Union News Company, Chicago & N.Y. [1893].

(3) Bancroft, Hubert Howe, The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Presentation of... the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893... , The Bancroft Company, Chicago & San Francisco (editions in 1, 2 and 10 vols., 1893-95).

(4) Buel, J[ames] W[illiam], The Magic City / A Massive Portfolio of Original Photographic Views of the Great Worlds Fair... , Historical Publishing Company, St. Louis & Philadelphia, 1894 (reprint: Arno Press, N.Y., 1974).

(5) Cameron, William E., The Worlds Fair, Being a Pictorial History of the Columbian Exposition... , 1893 [no publisher or city; entered for copyright by J. R. Jones].

(6) The City of Palaces. A Magnificent Showing of the Glories of the Worlds Fair, W. B. Conkey Company, Chicago, 1895.

(7) Columbian Album / Containing Photographic Views of Buildings and Points of Interest about the Grounds of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, Parts 214, Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago, 1893.

(8) Columbian Exposition / Dedication Ceremonies / Memorial... , The Metropolitan Art Engraving and Publicity Co., Chicago, 1893. [Also describes events between dedication and opening of the Exposition.]

(9) Das Columbische Weltausstellungs-Album, Rand, McNally & Company, Chicago & N.Y., 1893.

(10) Elliott, Maud Howe, Art and Handicraft in the Womans Building of the Worlds Columbian Exposition / Chicago, 1893 , Goupil & Co., Paris, 1893.

(11) Flinn, John J., ed., Official Guide to the Worlds Columbian Exposition in the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, May 1 to October 26, 1893, by Authority of the United States of America... (handbook ed.), The Columbian Guide Company, Administration Building, Chicago, 1893.

(12) Fourcaud, L[ouis] de, ed., Revista de la Exposicin Universal de Pars en 1889, Montaner y Simn, Barcelona, 1889 (Spanish trans. of Revue de lExposition universelle de 1889, L. Baschet, Paris, 1889).

(13) Hamilton, W. E., ed., The Time-Saver. A Book Which Names and Locates / 5,000 Things 5,000 / at the Worlds Fair That Visitors Should Not Fail to See, W. E. Hamilton, Chicago [1893].

(14) Handy, Moses P., ed., The Official Directory of the Worlds Columbian Exposition May 1st to October 30th, 1893, W. B. Conkey Company, Chicago, 1893.

(15) Jaff, Franz, Die Architektur der Columbischen Welt- Ausstellung zu Chicago 1893. Nach amtlichen Quellen bearbeitet von F. J.... , Verlag von Julius Becker, Berlin, 1895.

(16) Jenks, Tudor, The Century Worlds Fair Book for Boys and Girls... , The Century Co., N.Y., 1893.

(17) Johnson, Rossiter, ed., A History of the Worlds Columbian Exposition Held in Chicago in 1893 / By Authority of the Board of Directors (4 vols.), D. Appleton and Company, N.Y., 1897.

(18) Monroe, Harriet, The Columbian Ode (souvenir ed. with designs by Will H. Bradley), W. Irving Way & Co., Chicago, 1893.

(19) Northrop, H[enry] D[avenport], The Worlds Fair as Seen in One Hundred Days... , National Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1893.

(20) Norton, Frank H., ed., Frank Leslies Historical Register of the United States Centennial Exposition, 1876... , Frank Leslies Publishing House, N.Y., 1877.

(21) Official Views of the Worlds Columbian Exposition Issued by the Department of Photography l C. D. Arnold l H. D. Higinbotham l Official Photographers l 1893 / Press, Chicago Photo-Gravure Co. [Chicago, 1893].

(22) Photographs of the Worlds Fair / An Elaborate Collection of Photographs of the Buildings, Grounds and Exhibits of the Worlds Columbian Exposition... , J. A. Hill & Company, N.Y. [ 1894].

(23) Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Convention / American Institute of Architects / Held at Chicago, July and August 1, 1893 /l Supplement l Worlds Congress of Architects, Inland Architect Press, Chicago, 1893 (papers by Olmsted, Sullivan et al.).

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