Marina Belozerskaya - The Medici Giraffe and Other Tales of Exotic Animals and Power

Copyright 2006 by Marina Belozerskaya

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.

The author is grateful for permission to include excerpts from the following previously copyrighted material:

From On the Erythraean Sea by Agatharchides. Translated and edited by Stanley M. Burstein. Copyright 1989 by Stanley M. Burstein. Reprinted by permission of The Hakluyt Society.

From Journal of the Post Captain Nicolas Baudin by Nicolas Baudin and translated by Christine Cornell. Copyright 1974 by the Libraries Board of South Australia. Reproduced courtesy of the State Library of South Australia.

From Hernn Corts: Letters from Mexico by Hernn Corts.Translated and edited by Anthony Pagden. Copyright 2001 by Anthony Pagden. Reprinted by permission of Yale University Press.

From The Conquistadors, edited by Patricia de Fuentes, translated by Patricia de Fuentes, copyright 1963 by Viking Press. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

From The History of the Indies of New Spain by Fray Diego Durn. Translated, annotated, and with an introduction by Doris Heyden. Copyright 1964 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All right reserved.

From the George and Phoebe Apperson Hearst papers. Letter, 5 Jan. 1884, WRH to George Hearst. Reprinted by permission of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

From the William Randolph Hearst papers. Letters: Apr. 1885, PAH to WRH; Mar. 1931, Horne to WRH; 7 Jun. 1937, Edmund Heller to WRH; 19 May 1937, Mr. Richards to Willicombe; Mar. 1938, WRH to Louis Ruhe; 1 Mar. 1941, Gertrude Peck to WRH; Feb. 1941, Mrs. Kelsey to WRH; Washington Anti-Vivisection Society to WRH; 10 Jan. 1941, Letter to the Editor; May 1941, Dr. Charles White to WRH; Jun. 1929, WRH to Addison. Bill for stuffing the alligator, C. I. Goodale; List of animals retained by Hearst, 1937; 20 Feb. 1941, In the News; 16 Mar. 1947, Dealers in Pets for Torture. Reprinted by permission of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

From the HSSSHM Oral History Project: Oral Interviews with Frances Marion, Franklin Whitcomb, Norman Rotanzi, King Vidor, Wilfred Lyons, and Nigel Keep. From the HSSSHM Addison Collection: Addisons interview after Hearsts death; WRH to Addison, August 23, 1929; Baldwins letter to Addison. Property of Hearst Castle. Copyright Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument. May not be reproduced without written permission.

From the Julia Morgan Collection (collection number 010). 5-E-52-12, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, Aug. 12, 1926; 5-E-53-04, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, Apr. 24, 1927; 5-E-56-13, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, Jan. 8, 1932; 5-E-53-05, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, May 2, 1927; 5-E-52-02, excerpts from letter, Morgan to WRH, Oct. 1925; 5-E-53-07, excerpts from letter, Morgan to WRH, Mar. 15, 1926; 5-E-53-04, excerpts from letter, Morgan to WRH, July 22, 1927; 5-E-51-11, excerpts from letter, Morgan to WRH, Apr. 22, 1925; 5-E-53-04, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, Apr. 7, 1927; 5-E-53-04, excerpts from letter, Morgan to WRH, Apr. 8, 1927; 5-E-53-10, excerpts from letter, WRH to Julia Morgan, Oct. 1927; 5-E-57-02, excerpts from letter, Bistany on zoo, September 30, 1932; 5-E-57-03, excerpts from WRH to Morgan, Bistany rpt., Oct. 14, 1932; 5-E-57-03, excerpts letter WRH & Morgan, Oct. 1932; 5-E-52-01, Bistany of S.F. zoo assess., Sept. 1925 and 5-E-57-02, Sept. 1932. Reprinted by permission of Special Collections, Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.

From The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. Copyright 2000 by David Nasaw. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

From the Hayes Perkins Diary (collection number 051). Here and There. Reprinted by permission of Special Collections, Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.

Permission from the executor of Frank Horners estate to quote material from The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia,1801-1803 is gratefully acknowledged.

From The Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla. Copyright 1962, 1990 by Miguel Leon-Portilla. Expanded and Updated Edition 1992 by Miguel Leon-Portilla. Reprinted by permission of Beacon Press.

From Plutarch. Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Plutarch: Vol. V, Loeb Classical Library Vol. 87, translated by B. Perrin, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1917, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

From Diodorus Siculus.Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Diodorus Siculus: Vols. I and II, Loeb Classical Library Vols. 279 and 303, translated by C. H. Oldfather, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1933 and 1935, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

From Strabo: Geography. Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Strabo: Geography: Vols. VII and VIII, Loeb Classical Library Vols. 241 and 267, translated by Horace L. Jones, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1933 and 1932, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

The copyright holder to the excerpt from A Florentine Diary from1450to1516by Luca Landucci, translated by Alice De Rosen Jervis and published by JM Dent in 1927, could not be located.

Every effort has been made to secure permission to reprint the materials included in this book. If for any reason permission has not been given or has been given in error, please contact the publisher and amendments will be made in a future edition.

Little, Brown and Company

Hachette Book Group

237 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Visit our website at www.HachetteBookGroup.com.

First eBook Edition: June 2009

ISBN: 978-0-316-07642-5

ALSO BY MARINA BELOZERSKAYA

Luxury Arts of the Renaissance

Ancient Greece: Art, Architecture, and History

Rethinking the Renaissance: Burgundian Arts Across Europe

TO AUDREY,

MY FOUR-LEGGED MUSE

CHAPTER 1: Silver phalera depicting a war elephant. Hellenistic period.

Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

CHAPTER 2: Mosaic showing an elephant being loaded onto a ship. Found at a Roman villa at Veii (Italy), second century AD (?). Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe.

Photograph by Kenneth Lapatin

CHAPTER 3: Giorgio Vasari, Homage to Lorenzo Il Magnifico. Sala di Lorenzo, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.

Courtesy of Scala / Art Resource, New York

CHAPTER 4: Aztec juggler drawn by Christoph Weiditz in his Das Trachtenbuch des Christoph Weiditz von seinen Reisen nach Spanien (