The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.
Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.
Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
The United StatesMexican War, by Edward H. Moseley and Paul C. Clark Jr. 1997.
World War I, by Ian V. Hogg. 1998.
The United States Marine Corps, by Harry A. Gailey. 1998.
The Wars of the French Revolution, by Steven T. Ross. 1998.
The SpanishAmerican War, by Brad K. Berner. 1998.
The Persian Gulf War, by Clayton R. Newell. 1998.
The United States Air Force and Its Antecedents, by Michael Robert Terry. 1999.
World War II: The War against Japan, by Anne Sharp Wells. 1999.
British and Irish Civil Wars, by Martyn Bennett. 2000.
Ancient Greek Warfare, by Iain Spence. 2002.
The Crimean War, by Guy Arnold. 2002.
The United States Army: A Historical Dictionary, by Clayton R. Newell. 2002.
The Chinese Civil War, by Edwin Pak-wah Leung. 2002.
Ancient Egyptian Warfare, by Robert G. Morkot. 2003.
Arms Control and Disarmament, by Jeffrey A. Larsen and James M. Smith. 2005.
Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies, Second Edition, by Ludwig W. Adamec. 2005.
The War of 1812, by Robert Malcomson. 2006.
Civil Wars in Africa, Second Edition, by Guy Arnold. 2008.
The AngloBoer War, by Fransjohan Pretorius. 2009.
The Zulu Wars, by John Laband. 2009.
Terrorism, Third Edition, by Sean K. Anderson with Stephen Sloan. 2009.
Korean War, Second Edition, by Paul M. Edwards. 2010.
Holocaust, Second Edition, by Jack R. Fischel. 2010.
United States Navy, Second Edition, by James M. Morris and Patricia M. Kearns. 2011.
War in Vietnam, by Ronald B. Frankum Jr. 2011.
The Civil War, Second Edition, by Terry L. Jones. 2011.
Spanish Civil War, by Francisco J. Romero Salvad. 2013.
The Crusades, Second Edition, by Corliss K. Slack. 2013.
The Chinese Civil War, Second Edition, by Christopher R. Lew and Edwin Pak-wah Leung. 2013.
World War II: The War against Germany and Italy, by Anne Sharp Wells. 2014.
The French Revolution, Second Edition, by Paul R. Hanson. 2015.
Chechen Conflict, by Ali Askerov. 2015.
Chinese Cultural Revolution, Second Edition, by Guo Jian, Yongyi Song, and Yuan Zhou, 2015.
Russian Civil Wars, 19161926, by Jonathan Smele. 2015.
The ArabIsraeli Conflict, Second Edition, by P. R. Kumaraswamy. 2015.
The British and Irish Civil Wars 16371660, Second Edition, by Martyn Bennett. 2016.
Dirty Wars, Third Edition, by David Kohut and Olga Vilella. 2017.
The Northern Ireland Conflict, Second Edition, by Gordon Gillespie. 2017.
The Cold War, Second Edition, by Joseph Smith and Simon Davis. 2017.
The RussoJapanese War, Second Edition, by Rotem Kowner. 2017.
Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare, Second Edition, by Benjamin C. Garrett. 2017.
American Revolution, Third Edition, by Terry M. Mays. 2019.
Historical Dictionary of
the American Revolution
Third Edition
Terry M. Mays
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
Lanham Boulder New York London
Published by Rowman & Littlefield
An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowman.com
Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB
Copyright 2019 by Terry M. Mays
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mays, Terry M., author.
Title: Historical dictionary of the American Revolution / Terry M. Mays.
Description: Third edition. | Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield, [2019] | Series: Historical dictionaries of war, revolution, and civil unrest |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018034378 (print) | LCCN 2018034594 (ebook) | ISBN 9781538119723 (electronic) | ISBN 9781538119716 (cloth : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: United StatesHistoryRevolution, 17751783Dictionaries.
Classification: LCC E209 (ebook) | LCC E209 .M36 2019 (print) | DDC 973.3dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018034378
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
For my great-nephew
Michael Bleu Mays
a descendant of Private Edward Joyce, 11th Regiment, Virginia Line
17771778 Veteran of the Philadelphia Campaign and the Battles of
Brandywine Creek, Germantown, and Monmouth Courthouse
Editors Foreword
The American Revolution was in its way the most important war the (then formative) United States has ever fought, as its very existence was at stake. Yet, it was so long ago and so much has happened since that it tends to be misinterpreted. One often assumes that victory for the Americans was inevitable. Quite to the contrary, for a long time the outcome was uncertain. If certain circumstances had been different, the result could have been very different. Fought with what now appear to be rudimentary tactics and primitive weapons, the war was a result of patriotism and a yearning for independence, as well as a willingness to sacrifice combatants and civilians alike. But this is not the whole story.
This is now the third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution, and it comes at a very good time amid a debate on the originality of research on this crucial war. For it can reflect more recent thinking while at the same time, and in ample measure, adding to the storehouse of facts and figures, the range of persons and events, and even more detailed information on battles and skirmishes, weapons and tactics, to say nothing of the role of those fighting on both sides. Already substantial almost a decade ago, it has now grown into the largest reference work, with a detailed chronology, an expanded and instructive introduction, additional appendixes, and an abundant bibliography, to say nothing of the precious and plentiful core dictionary. What more can be said about the American Revolution, some may ask? Well, that question is now answered by Terry Mays, not in theory but in practice, as readers will quickly notice.