John Man - Empire of Horses: The First Nomadic Civilization and the Making of China
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Empire of Horses: The First Nomadic Civilization and the Making of China: summary, description and annotation
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The people of the first nomadic empire left no written records, but from 200 bc they dominated the heart of Asia for four centuries, and changed the world in the process. The Mongols, todays descendants of Genghis Khan, see these people as ancestors. Their rise cemented Chinese identity and inspired the first Great Wall. Their descendants helped destroy the Roman Empire under the leadership of Attila the Hun.
We dont know what language they spoke, but they became known asXiongnu, orHunnu, a term passed down the centuries and surviving today as Hun, and Man uncovers new evidence that will transform our understanding of the profound mark they left on half the globe, from Europe to Central Asia and deep into China.
Based on meticulous research and new archaeological evidence,Empire of Horsestraces this civilizations epic story and shows how this nomadic cultures of the steppes gave birth to an empire with the wealth and power to threaten the order of the ancient world.
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ALSO BY JOHN MAN
Searching for the Amazons
Empire of
Horses
The First Nomadic Civilization
and the Making of China
JOHN MAN
E MPIRE OF H ORSES
Pegasus Books, Ltd.
West 37th Street, 13th Floor
New York, NY 10018
Copyright 2019 by Erika Fatland
First Pegasus Books hardcover edition February 2020
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher, except by reviewers who may quote brief excerpts in connection with a review in a newspaper, magazine, or electronic publication; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other, without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
ISBN: 978-1-64313-327-0
ISBN: 978-1-64313-382-9 (Ebook)
Distributed by W. W. Norton & Company
CONTENTS
10Princesses
for Peace
MONGOLIAN TRANSLITERATION | ALTERNATIVE SPELLING | REIGN DATES | |
BC | |||
Tumen | Touman | c .230209 | |
Modun | Modu | 209174 | |
Jizhu | Laoshang | 174161 (or 160) | |
Gunchen | Junchen | 161 (or 160)126 | |
Ichise | Yizhixie | 126114 | |
Uvei | Wuwei | 114105 | |
Ushylu | Wushilu | 105102 | |
Guilihu | Xulihu | 102101 | |
Chedihou | Quedihou | 10197 | |
Hulugu | 9785 | ||
Huandi | Huyandi | 8568 | |
Hyului-Juankui | Xuluquanqu | 6860 | |
Yuan-Guidi | Woyanqudi | 6058 | |
Dispute between Yuan-Guidi, 4 pretenders and | |||
Huhanye |
|
| 5831 |
Fujulei-Jodi | Fuzhulei-Ruodi | 3120 | |
Seuxie-Jodi | Souxie-Ruodi | 2012 | |
Guia-Jodi | Cheya-Ruodi | ||
Ujiuli-Jodi | Wuzhuliu-Ruodi | 8 AD 13 | |
AD | |||
Ulei-Jodi | Wulei-Ruodi | 1318 | |
Hudurshi | Huduershi | 1846 | |
Wudadi-Hou | Wudalihou | ||
NORTHERN CHANYUS | |||
Punu | 4648 | ||
Youliu | c .48?? | ||
Youchujian | 9193 | ||
Feng-Hou | 94118 | ||
SOUTHERN CHANYUS | |||
Bi (born Khailoshi) | 4856 | ||
20 others | 56216 | ||
XIA (XIONGNU STATE IN CHINA) | |||
Helian Bobo | 407425 | ||
Helian Chang | 425428 | ||
Helian Ding | 428431 |
CHINA | DATES | STEPPES | ELSEWHERE |
BC | |||
XIA (legendary) | 22051600 | Middle East : Early cultures in Egypt and Indus Valley. Sub-Saharan Africa : Spread of farming and pastoralism. | |
SHANG | 16001122 c .1500 | Pastoral nomadism develops. | |
ZHOU : | 1122770 c .800 | Ordos bronzes. | South America : Cultivation of maize. |
EASTERN ZHOU: SPRING & AUTUMN PERIOD | 770480 c .750650 | Arzhan 1 and 2. | Greece : Democracy (of a sort). Italy : Foundation of Roman republic. |
WARRING STATES | 480221 | Pazyryk culture. | |
Xiongnu in Ordos. |
| ||
First written mention of Xiongnu. | |||
c .230 | Tumen becomes chanyu of Xiongnu. | ||
QIN | 221206 | Italy : Hannibals march over the Alps starts Second Punic War with Rome. | |
214210 | Meng Tian drives Xiongnu out of Ordos, and builds Great Wall and Straight Road. |
| |
Death of First Emperor. | |||
Modun becomes chanyu. | |||
QIN collapses. | Mexico : Teotihuacn founded. | ||
Civil War. | 206202 | ||
WESTERN HAN | 202 AD 9 | ||
He-qin policy starts. | He-qin policy starts. | ||
Xiongnu take Loulan. | India : Fall of Mauryan dynasty. | ||
Death of Modun. | |||
Xiongnu expel Yuezhi from Gansu. Yuezhi migrate to Ili Valley. |
| ||
Emperor Wu | 140 S | Many Xiongnu attacks. | |
Zhang Qian starts expedition to west. | |||
1332 | Pushed by the Wusun, the Yuezhi start migration to Bactria. | ||
Wu starts Han-Xiongnu wars. | Wu starts Han-Xiongnu wars. | ||
Zhang Qian returns. |
| ||
Great Wall heads west. | Great Wall heads west. | ||
Li Ling defeated. | Li Ling defeated. | ||
Sima Qians Shi Ji ( Records of the Grand Historian ) finished(?). |
| ||
Xiongnu split between Huhanye and Zhizhi; Huhanye turns to Han China. | |||
Huhanye visits | Huhanye visits Changan. | ||
Changan | Zhizhi flees west. | ||
Zhizhi killed at Talas. | Italy : Augustus becomes first Roman emperor. | ||
AD | |||
XIN | Possible start of lite graves (terrace tombs) by Xiongnu aristocracy. |
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