John T. Koch - Celtic from the West 3: Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages ― Questions of Shared Language

CELTIC FROM THE WEST 3

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS

series editor: John T. Koch

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS I

The Celtic Heroic Age: Literary Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe and Early Ireland and Wales , ed. John T. Koch with John Carey (Fourth Edition, revised and expanded, 2003) Pp. x + 440

ISBN 1891271091

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS III

A Single Ray of the Sun: Religious Speculation in Early Ireland , John Carey (Second Edition, 2011) Pp. x + 123

ISBN 9781891271182

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS IV

Ildnach Ildrech. A Festschrift for Proinsias Mac Cana , ed. John Carey, John T. Koch, and Pierre-Yves Lambert (1999) Pp. xvii + 312

ISBN 1891271016

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS VII

Yr Hen Iaith: Studies in Early Welsh , ed. Paul Russell (2003) Pp. viii + 224

ISBN 1891271105

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS VIII

Landscape Perception in Early Celtic Literature , Francesco Benozzo (2004) Pp. xvi + 272

ISBN 1891271113

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS IX

Cn Chille CileTexts, Saints and Places: Essays in Honour of Pdraig Riain , ed. John Carey, Mire Herbert, and Kevin Murray (2004) Pp. xxiv + 405

ISBN 189127113X

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS X

Archologia Britannica: Texts and Translations , Edward Lhwyd, ed. Dewi W. Evans and Brynley F. Roberts (2009) Pp. xii + 262

ISBN 9781891271144

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XI

Ireland and the Grail , John Carey (2007) Pp. xxii + 421

ISBN 9781891271151

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XIII

Tartessian: Celtic in the South-west at the Dawn of History , John T. Koch (second edition 2013) Pp. ix + 332

ISBN 9781891271175

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XIV

Moment of Earth: Poems & Essays in Honour of Jeremy Hooker , ed. Christopher Meredith (2007) Pp. xvi + 313

ISBN 9781891271199

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XV

Celtic from the West: Alternative Approaches from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature , ed. Barry Cunliffe and John T. Koch (2010; 2012) Pp. xii + 383

ISBN 9781842174753

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XVI

Celtic from the West 2: Rethinking the Bronze Age and the Arrival of Indo-European in Atlantic Europe , ed. John T. Koch and Barry Cunliffe (2013) Pp. viii + 237

ISBN 9781842175293

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XVII

Memory, Myth and Long-term Landscape Inhabitation , ed. Adrian M. Chadwick and Caitriona D. Gibson (2013), Pp. xi + 347

ISBN 9781782973935

CELTIC STUDIES PUBLICATIONS XVIII

The End and Beyond: Medieval Irish Eschatology , ed. John Carey, Emma Nic Crthaigh and Caitrona Dochartaigh (2014) 2 vols, Pp. xi + 944

ISBN 9781891271205

Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages:questions of shared language

edited by

John T. Koch and Barry Cunliffe

in collaboration with

Kerri Cleary and Catriona D. Gibson

Published by

Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK

Oxbow Books, John T. Koch, Barry Cunliffe, Kerri Cleary, Catriona D. Gibson, and the individual authors 2016

Hardback Edition: ISBN 9781785702273

Digital Edition: ISBN 9781785702280

Mobi Edition: ISBN 9781785702297

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without permission from the Publisher.

This book is available direct from

Oxbow Books, Oxford

(Phone: 01865241249; Fax: 01865794449)

and

Casemate Academic

1950 Lawrence Road, Havertown, PA 19083, USA

( Phone: +1 610 8539131; Fax: +1 610 8539146 )

or from our website

www.oxbowbooks.com

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Koch, John T. | Cunliffe, Barry W.

Title: Celtic from the West 3 : Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages : questions of shared language / edited by John T. Koch and Barry Cunliffe.

Other titles: Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages | Celtic from the West three | Celtic from the West III

Description: Oxford : Oxbow Books, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016004318 (print) | LCCN 2016005273 (ebook) | ISBN 9781785702273 (hardback) | ISBN 9781785702280 (digital) | ISBN 9781785702303 (pdf) | ISBN 9781785702280 (epub) | ISBN 9781785702297 (mobi) Subjects: LCSH: Civilization, Celtic. | Celts--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--Antiquities. | Bronze age--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe) | Iron age--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe) | Ethnoarchaeology--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe) | Group identity--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--History--To 1500. | Celtic languages--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--History--To 1500. | Language and culture--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--History--To 1500. | Human population genetics--Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--History--To 1500. | Atlantic Coast Region (Europe)--Antiquities, Celtic.

Classification: LCC CB206 .C445 2016 (print) | LCC CB206 (ebook) | DDC 940/.04916--dc23

LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016004318

1.1 Distribution of the Bell Beaker graves in the northern half of France

1.2 Inhumation layer from the Bury gallery grave (Picardie, France)

1.3 Family cells from the La Chausse-Tirancourt gallery grave (Picardie, France)

1.4 Anthropomorphic stelae from the 5th and 4th millennium BC

1.5 The Bell Beaker set from the Wallers individual grave (Nord, France)

1.6 High quality and clumsy Bell Beakers

1.7 Maritime beakers from Portugal, Galicia, and Brittany

1.8 Maritime beakers from the Netherlands, Czech Republic, and Eastern Spain

1.9 The three AOO graves from northern France, linked to the Grand-Pressigny flint workshops and the Lower Rhine Valley

1.10 Distribution of the main regional Bell Beaker pottery styles

1.11 Bell Beaker settlement from La Noue Saint- Marcel (Burgundy, France). Plan of the site and associated pottery

1.12 Settlement patterns

2.1 A range of typical early Beaker material from graves in Atlantic zones of Europe

2.2 Representative examples of the Atlantic family of halberds

2.3 Suggested chronology of European metalheaded halberds

2.4 The possible thin typological thread connecting early halberds in north-western Europe

2.5 Maps of recovery for a) copper halberds, and b) copper daggers and knives from Britain and Ireland, c. 24502150 BC

2.6 Map of recovery for copper and bronze halberds in Britain and graves datable to the Chalcolithic and transition period, c. 24502100 BC . Late types of halberd are distinguished and comprise those of bronze along with copper or unanalysed examples of the same types, c. 22002050 BC .

2.7 The early Beaker context at South Hill, Talbenny, Pembrokeshire and the Beaker pot

2.8 Interpreted territories for halberd-bearing and Beaker groups during the Chalcolithic to earliest Bronze Age in Britain

2.9 Map of recovery for halberds from Ireland with outline enclosures for concentrations

2.10 Map of recovery for Beaker-yielding sites in Ireland with outline enclosures for concentrations

2.11 Interpreted territories for halberd-bearing and Beaker groups during the Chalcolithic and earliest Bronze Age in Ireland, c. 24502050 BC