Map 8. The Norse in the North Atlantic. Iceland was settled c. 870 and quickly attracted a large population. Just over a century later, Icelanders founded the Eastern and Western Settlements in Greenland, and in turn sailed to what is now eastern Canada. The precise location of the regions they named Helluland, Markland, and Vinland can only be estimated, and LAnse aux Meadows on Newfoundland remains the only confirmed Norse settlement in North America. Map by Neil Price.
Copyright 2020 by Neil Price
Cover design by Chin-Yee Lai
Cover images: The Gokstad Longship (photo), Viking (9th century) / Viking Ship Museum, Oslo, Norway / Bridgeman Images; Alin Brotea / Shutterstock.com
Cover copyright 2020 Hachette Book Group, Inc.
Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copyright. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture.
The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the authors intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact permissions@hbgusa.com. Thank you for your support of the authors rights.
Basic Books
Hachette Book Group
1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104
www.basicbooks.com
First Edition: May 2020
Published by Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc. The Basic Books name and logo is a trademark of the Hachette Book Group.
The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591.
The publisher is not responsible for websites (or their content) that are not owned by the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Price, Neil S., author.
Title: Children of ash and elm : a history of the Vikings / Neil Price.
Other titles: History of the Vikings
Description: First edition. | New York : Basic Books, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020001863 | ISBN 9780465096985 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780465096992 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Vikings. | Northmen. | Civilization, Viking. | Viking antiquities.
Classification: LCC DL65 .P68 2020 | DDC 948/.022dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001863
ISBNs: 978-0-465-09698-5 (hardcover), 978-0-465-09699-2 (ebook)
E3-20200401-JV-NF-ORI
For the fylgjur , all of them
A GREAT DEAL OF THIS book concerns beings, places, and concepts whose names in use today ultimately derive either from the Old Norse language (actually a shorthand term for a complex array of dialects and linguistic branches from Iceland and Scandinavia, dating to the Middle Ages and earlier) or from the modern tongues of the Nordic countries. This can be a complex soundscape to navigate, and there is no simple way that it can be normalised in an English text while also doing justice to its original variety. I have opted for readability and convention over consistency, and the language has been simplified here in several ways.
Two Old Norse (and modern Icelandic) letters have been anglicised, except when quoting texts in the original and certain names: / or thorn, as th and pronounced as the first two letters of th ought; and / or eth, spoken more softly as in brea th e but usually rendered as d. In the same way, the Old Norse diphthong has been separated ae and is pronounced approximately eye.