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Asbridge - Richard I the crusader king

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Book:
Richard I the crusader king
Author:
Asbridge / Thomas S
Publisher:
Penguin Books Ltd
Genre:
Books / History
Year:
2019;2017
City:
UK
Rating:
4 / 5
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Richard I the crusader king: summary, description and annotation

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Richard Is reign is both controversial and seemingly contradictory. One of Englands most famous medieval monarchs and a potent symbol of national identity, he barely spent six months on English soil during a ten-year reign and spoke French as his first language. Contemporaries dubbed him the Lionheart, reflecting a carefully cultivated reputation for bravery, prowess and knightly virtue, but this supposed paragon of chivalry butchered close to 3,000 prisoners in cold blood on a single day. And, though revered as Christian Europes greatest crusader, his grand campaign to the Holy Land failed to recover the city of Jerusalem from Islam.

Seeking to reconcile this conflicting evidence, Thomas Asbridges incisive reappraisal of Richard Is career questions whether the Lionheart really did neglect his kingdom, considers why he devoted himself to the cause of holy war and asks how the memory of his life came to be interwoven with myth. Richard emerges as a formidable...

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Penguin Monarchs

THE HOUSES OF WESSEX AND DENMARK

Athelstan	Tom Holland
Aethelred the Unready	Richard Abels
Cnut	Ryan Lavelle

THE HOUSES OF NORMANDY, BLOIS AND ANJOU

William I	Marc Morris
William II	John Gillingham
Henry I	Edmund King
Stephen	Carl Watkins
Henry II	Richard Barber
Richard I	Thomas Asbridge
John	Nicholas Vincent

THE HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET

Henry III	Stephen Church
Edward I	Andy King
Edward II	Christopher Given-Wilson
Edward III	Jonathan Sumption
Richard II	Laura Ashe

THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK

Henry IV	Catherine Nall
Henry V	Anne Curry
Henry VI	James Ross
Edward IV	A. J. Pollard
Edward V	Thomas Penn
Richard III	Rosemary Horrox

THE HOUSE OF TUDOR

Henry VII	Sean Cunningham
Henry VIII	John Guy
Edward VI	Stephen Alford
Mary I	John Edwards
Elizabeth I	Helen Castor

THE HOUSE OF STUART

James I	Thomas Cogswell
Charles I	Mark Kishlansky
[ Cromwell	David Horspool ]
Charles II	Clare Jackson
James II	David Womersley
William III & Mary II	Jonathan Keates
Anne	Richard Hewlings

THE HOUSE OF HANOVER

George I	Tim Blanning
George II	Norman Davies
George III	Amanda Foreman
George IV	Stella Tillyard
William IV	Roger Knight
Victoria	Jane Ridley

THE HOUSES OF SAXE-COBURG & GOTHA AND WINDSOR

Edward VII	Richard Davenport-Hines
George V	David Cannadine
Edward VIII	Piers Brendon
George VI	Philip Ziegler
Elizabeth II	Douglas Hurd

Illustrations

King Richard I shown here in an illustration from a mid-thirteenth-century - photo 1

. King Richard I, shown here in an illustration from a mid-thirteenth-century chronicle by Matthew Paris, succeeded to the English throne in 1189.

The reverse of Richards royal seal from 1198 depicting the Lionheart as he - photo 2

. The reverse of Richards royal seal from 1198, depicting the Lionheart, as he was already known in his lifetime, as a mounted knight, his shield bearing the three-lions device that would be adopted as the royal coat of arms in England.

Richard enlisted in the Third Crusade in 1187 even before he became king - photo 3

. Richard enlisted in the Third Crusade in 1187, even before he became king, after the Muslim sultan Saladin (depicted above) reconquered the city of Jerusalem for Islam. Richard and Saladin became arch rivals in the war for the Holy Land.

Fighting alongside Philip II of France Richard swiftly concluded the great - photo 4

. Fighting alongside Philip II of France, Richard swiftly concluded the great siege of Acre. The two monarchs (Philip in blue) are shown receiving Acres surrender on 12 July 1191.

When negotiations for the release of the citys Muslim garrison broke down - photo 5

. When negotiations for the release of the citys Muslim garrison broke down, Richard had some 2,700 captives executed.

On 7 September 1191 Richard was confronted by the full might of Saladins - photo 6

. On 7 September 1191, Richard was confronted by the full might of Saladins forces in the Battle of Arsuf and, as this nineteenth-century engraving suggests, the Lionheart fought in the thick of the fray.

Richard made two advances on Jerusalem but retreated on both occasions - photo 7

. Richard made two advances on Jerusalem, but retreated on both occasions without ever laying siege to the city. As a result, the Third Crusade ended with Christendoms most sacred site the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (above) still in Muslim hands.

These mid-thirteenth-century tiles discovered in Chertsey Abbey Surrey - photo 8

. These mid-thirteenth-century tiles, discovered in Chertsey Abbey, Surrey, depict Richard triumphing over Saladin in single combat, reflecting how the Lionhearts achievements were widely mythologized in the later Middle Ages.

Between 1196 and 1198 Richard spent a fortune constructing this mighty - photo 9

. Between 1196 and 1198, Richard spent a fortune constructing this mighty castle Chteau Gaillard perched above the River Seine, but it enabled him to neutralize the threat posed by Philip II and thus reclaim the duchy of Normandy.

Mortally wounded by a crossbow bolt during a minor siege Richard died on 6 - photo 10

. Mortally wounded by a crossbow bolt during a minor siege, Richard died on 6 April 1199 and was laid to rest beside his father, Henry II, in Fontevraud Abbey, where the Lionhearts tomb effigy can still be seen today.

This grand equestrian statue erected outside the Palace of Westminster in - photo 11

. This grand equestrian statue, erected outside the Palace of Westminster in London in 1860, bears testament to the resurgence of popular interest in the Lionheart during the modern era.

1. IN SEARCH OF THE LIONHEART

Medieval European Christians are most accurately referred to as Latins because of the language of their scripture and ritual.

This may have been the same huge crown used by King Henry II, but appears to have been distinct from the crown first worn by King Edward the Confessor and traditionally viewed as being the centrepiece of medieval Englands royal regalia.

2. THE ABSENT KING

Contemporaries often described the European settlers in the Levant as Franks (Ifranj in Arabic) because many of them originated in Francia (France).

3. THE CRUSADER KING

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