NORTHERN IRELAND
Feargal Cochrane is Emeritus Professor of International Conflict Analysis and Senior Research Fellow at the Conflict Analysis Research Centre, University of Kent. He is the author or co-author of eleven books, including Breaking Peace: Brexit and Northern Ireland, Mediating Power-Sharing and Migration and Security in the Global Age.
Copyright 2013 Feargal Cochrane
Chapters 10, 11 and Epilogue copyright 2021 Feargal Cochrane
This new edition published in paperback in 2021
The right of Feargal Cochrane to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Extracts on p. 119 from the poems Ulster Names and Postscript 1984 by John Hewitt are taken from John Hewitt, The Selected Poems of John Hewitt, ed. Michael Longley & Frank Ormsby (Blackstaff Press, 2007) and reproduced by permission of Blackstaff Press on behalf of the Estate of John Hewitt.
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ISBN 978-0-300-17870-8 (hbk)
ISBN 978-0-300-20552-7 (new edn pbk)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Oisn
and
In memory of Lyra McKee
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate section
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ANIA | Americans for a New Irish Agenda |
AOH | Ancient Order of Hibernians |
CLMC | Combined Loyalist Military Command |
CRC | Community Relations Council |
CRM | Civil Rights Movement |
CSI | Cohesion, Sharing and Integration |
CTA | Common Travel Area |
DSD | Department for Social Development |
DUP | Democratic Unionist Party |
EPA | Emergency Provisions Act |
ERG | European Research Group |
ERM | Exchange Rate Mechanism |
FAIT | Families Against Intimidation and Terror |
FARC | Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia |
FRU | Force Research Unit |
GAA | Gaelic Athletic Association |
GFA | Good Friday Agreement |
HET | Historical Enquiries Team |
IMC | Independent Monitoring Commission |
INC | Irish National Caucus |
INLA | Irish National Liberation Army |
IPP | Irish Parliamentary Party |
IRA | Irish Republican Army |
IRB | Irish Republican Brotherhood |
JRRT | Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust |
LVF | Loyalist Volunteer Force |
MLA | Member of the Legislative Assembly |
MLK | Maze/Long Kesh |
MLK DC | Maze/Long Kesh Development Corporation |
NICRA | Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association |
NILT | Northern Ireland Life and Times |
NIO | Northern Ireland Office |
NORAID | Irish Northern Aid Committee |
NUM | National Union of Mineworkers |
NUSUSI | National Union of StudentsUnion of Students in Ireland |
OFMDFM | Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister |
PD | Peoples Democracy |
PfG | Programme for Government |
PIRA | Provisional IRA |
PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization |
PSNI | Police Service of Northern Ireland |
PTA | Prevention of Terrorism Act |
PUP | Progressive Unionist Party |
RAAD | Republican Action Against Drugs |
RCN | Rural Community Network |
RHC | Red Hand Commando |
RHI | Renewable Heating Incentive |
RIRA | Real IRA |
RNU | Republican Network for Unity |
RUC | Royal Ulster Constabulary |
SDLP | Social Democratic and Labour Party |
SPAD | Special Adviser |
TD | Teachta Dla (Member of Dil ireann) |
TUV | Traditional Unionist Voice |
UDA | Ulster Defence Association |
UDP | Ulster Democratic Party |
UDR | Ulster Defence Regiment |
UFF | Ulster Freedom Fighters |
UKUP | UK Unionist Party |
UUC | Ulster Unionist Council |
UUP | Ulster Unionist Party |
UUUC | United Ulster Unionist Council |
UVF | Ulster Volunteer Force |
UWC | Ulster Workers Council |
WA | Withdrawal Agreement |
WAB | Withdrawal Agreement Bill |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FIRST EDITION
T HERE ARE A number of people whose advice, encouragement and support have been critical during the writing of this book. My editor at Yale, Phoebe Clapham, has steered the project from its inception and has guided me with consummate professionalism and care through the process of producing and refining the manuscript; for this I am truly thankful. Thanks are also due to my copy-editor, Clive Liddiard, for his sharp eye and attention to detail.
I began writing the book while working at Lancaster University, and am indebted to my former colleagues and friends at Lancaster, in particular Professor David Denver, who provided encouragement, friendship and, at times, useful critical engagement throughout the project. I would also like to thank all my students at Lancaster over the last fourteen years for their engagement with the themes at the centre of the book.
I moved jobs while writing the book, and I would like to thank my new colleagues at the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Kent for their friendship and collegiality. I would particularly like to thank my Head of School, Professor Richard Sakwa, and Professor Richard Whitman for easing me into my new role at Kent and for helping me to balance my responsibilities within the School with the process of finishing the book. My new colleagues at the Conflict Analysis Research Centre at Kent have also provided me with new perspectives on Northern Ireland, as well as on wider issues relating to political violence. I would particularly like to thank Dr Gulnur Aybet, Dr Ruth Blakeley, Dr Govinda Clayton, Dr Philip Cunliffe, Dr Andrea den Boer, Dr Neo Loizides, Professor Hugh Miall, Dr Doug Stokes and Dr Harmonie Toros.
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