Contents
POLITICAL TRIALS OF THE LATE SIXTIES
Baltimore 4
Beaver 55
Boston 5
Buffalo 9
Camden 28
Catonsville 9
Chicago 8/7
D.C. 9
Fort Hood 3
Fort Hood 46
Harrisburg 7
Intrepid 4
Kansas City 4
Kent 25
Milwaukee 14
Motor City 9
New Haven 9
Oakland 7
Panther 8
Panther 21
Pittsburgh 26
Presidio 27
Seattle 8/7
Silver Spring 3
Tucson 5
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Copyright 2016 by Clara Bingham
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L IBRARY OF C ONGRESS C ATALOGING-IN -P UBLICATION D ATA
Names: Bingham, Clara, author.
Title: Witness to the revolution : radicals, resisters, vets, hippies, and the year America lost its mind and found its soul / Clara Bingham.
Description: New York : Random House, 2016. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015046134| ISBN 9780812993189 (hardback) |
ISBN 9780679644743 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: United StatesSocial conditions19601980Interviews. | Social movementsUnited StatesHistory20th centuryInterviews. | Student movementsUnited StatesHistory20th centuryInterviews. | Vietnam War, 19611975Protest movementsUnited StatesInterviews. | RadicalismUnited StatesHistory20th centuryInterviews. | Nineteen sixty-nine, A.D.Interviews. | Nineteen seventy, A.D.Interviews. | BISAC: HISTORY / United States / 20th Century. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Popular Culture. | HISTORY / Military / Vietnam War.
Classification: LCC HN59 .B49 2016 | DDC 303.48/40973dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015046134
randomhousebooks.com
eBook ISBN9780679644743
Book design by Barbara M. Bachman, adapted for ebook
Cover design: Daniel Rembert
Cover images: Wally McNamee/Corbis
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CONTENTS
TIMELINE
AUGUST 1969
August 1518: Half a million people converge on a dairy farm in Bethel, New York, for the Woodstock Music & Art Fair, where thirty-three bands play.
August 19: The film Alices Restaurant is released, starring Arlo Guthrie. The film follows the travails of a hippie trying to avoid the draft.
August 2531: War Resisters International holds its 13th Triennial Conference at Haverford College, in Pennsylvania. Pacifist Randy Kehler delivers a speech on draft resistance that inspires Daniel Ellsberg to copy and release the Pentagon Papers.
August 26: The film Medium Cool, directed by Haskell Wexler, opens in theaters, and critics praise it for capturing the political unrest of the times.
August 29: Weathermen meet in Cleveland to plan for the Days of Rage protests, scheduled for October.
SEPTEMBER 1969
September 1: President Nixon announces the withdrawal of 35,000 U.S. troops from Vietnam, for a total of 60,000.
September 2: Ho Chi Minh dies.
September 3: Women from the Weathermen stage a jailbreak demonstration at South Hills High School in Pittsburgh.
September 17: The movie Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice opens.
September 24: Chicago Eight trial begins.
September 26: At a news conference, President Nixon acknowledges popular opposition to the war but declares that under no circumstances will I be affected whatever by it.
September 29: Merle Haggard and the Strangers release the anti-hippie single Okie from Muskogee. By November the record reaches No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.
OCTOBER 1969
October 1: The Beatles release Abbey Road in the United States.
October 1: Daniel Ellsberg, with the help of his former RAND Corporation colleague Anthony Russo, begins copying the Pentagon Papers in Santa Monica, California.
October 3: The Selling of the President 1968 by Joe McGinniss appears on the New York Times bestseller list.
October 5: The Weathermen bomb the Haymarket police statue in Chicago.
October 8: Six RAND Corporation foreign policy experts, including Daniel Ellsberg, write an open letter to The New York Times calling for unilateral U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam.
October 811: The Weathermen stage the Days of Rage riots in Chicago. Police arrest more than 120 protesters.
October 9: The Illinois governor calls in the National Guard to control crowds protesting outside of the Chicago Eight trial.
October 1116: The New York Mets defeat the Baltimore Orioles to win the World Series. If the Mets can win the World Series, the United States can get out of Vietnam, says Mets pitcher Tom Seaver.
October 15: The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam takes place across the country, and 2 million people peacefully participate in what is the largest protest against the war to date.
October 24: Twentieth Century Fox releases Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford.
October 29: Black Panther cofounder Bobby Seale is gagged and manacled to his chair at the Chicago Eight trial.
NOVEMBER 1969
November 1: Jefferson Airplane releases the album Volunteers.
November 3: Nixon delivers his Silent Majority speech to a television audience of 70 million people. Following the speech, the presidents approval ratings climb from 52 percent to 77 percent.
November 12: Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai massacre story.
November 15: Half a million protesters gather for the Moratorium March on Washington.
November: Jeremy Rifkin and Tod Ensign launch the Citizens Commission of Inquiry to publicize American war crimes in Indochina.
November 24: Mike Wallace interviews Private Paul Meadlo on the CBS Evening News. Meadlo tells the story of the My Lai massacre in graphic detail to 30 million television viewers.
November 30: Steppenwolf releases its most controversial and antiwar album, Monster.
DECEMBER 1969
December 1: The first draft lottery takes place.
December 1 and 19: A Cook County, Illinois, grand jury indicts sixty-four Weathermen on thirty-seven counts of aggravated battery, resisting arrest, mob action, and other offenses arising from the Days of Rage in October.