Katherine Pangonis - Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to Rule

AD 3033

Crucifixion of Christ

Christianity begins to spread in the Middle East

Fall of Jerusalem to Roman Emperor Titus

Roman Empire splits into Eastern (Byzantine) and Western Empires

Byzantine Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity

Conquest of Jerusalem by Sassanian Persians

Beginning of Christian Holy War for Jerusalem

Reconquest of Jerusalem by Byzantine Emperor Heraclius

Arab Caliphate conquers Jerusalem

1071

Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem from Fatimid Caliphate

1081

Alexios Komnenos becomes Byzantine Emperor

1096

The First Crusade begins

1098

Baldwin of Boulogne becomes Lord of Edessa

Capture of Antioch by Crusaders

Bohemond of Taranto becomes Prince of Antioch

1099

Crusaders capture Jerusalem

Godfrey de Bouillon declared Defender of the Holy Sepulchre

1100

Death of Godfrey, succession by Baldwin I as first King of Jerusalem

Baldwin of Bourcq becomes Lord of Edessa, marries Morphia of Melitene

Capture of Bohemond I of Antioch by Danishmend Turks

Tancred invested as regent of Antioch

11031105

Siege of Tripoli by Raymond of Toulouse

1104

Conquest of Acre by Baldwin I

Battle of Harran, Baldwin of Edessa and Joscelin of Courtenay captured by Seljuk Turks

1105

Birth of Melisende, daughter of Baldwin I and Morphia

1108

Baldwin of Edessa released

~1109

Birth of Alice, sister of Melisende

1109

Tripoli captured by Franks

~1110

Birth of Hodierna, sister of Melisende

1112

Death of Tancred

Pons of Tripoli marries Lady Cecile of France

1113

Baldwin I marries Adelaide del Vasto of Sicily

11131115

Baldwin of Edessa conquers eastern Cilicia

1118

Death of Baldwin I, succession by Baldwin of Edessa as Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, crowned jointly with Morphia

1119

Death of Roger of Salerno at the Battle of the Field of Blood

Regency of Baldwin II begins at Antioch

1120

Birth of Yvette, sister of Melisende

1123

Baldwin II imprisoned by Balak

1124

Crusaders capture Tyre

Baldwin II released

1126

Alice marries Bohemond II of Antioch

~1127

Death of Morphia

1128

Birth of Constance of Antioch, daughter of Alice

1129

Melisende marries Fulk

1130

Birth of Baldwin III, son of Melisende and Fulk

1130

Death of Bohemond II

First rebellion of Alice of Antioch

1131

Death of Baldwin II, succession by Melisende, Fulk and the child Baldwin III

1131

Second rebellion of Alice of Antioch

~1133

Hodierna marries Raymond II of Tripoli (exact date not known)

1134

Hugh of Jaffa revolts against Fulk, is defeated and sentenced to exile

Death of Hugh

1136

Birth of Amalric I, brother of Baldwin III

Third rebellion of Alice of Antioch, and her final defeat

Raymond of Poitiers marries Constance of Antioch

1137

Death of Pons of Tripoli

~1139

Melisende founds the Convent of Bethany

1143

Death of Fulk, succession by 13-year-old Baldwin III and Melisende as regent

1144

Edessa captured by Zengi

1145

Melisende refuses to step down as regent when Baldwin III comes of age

Pope Eugenius III calls for Second Crusade

1146

Death of Zengi

Nur ad-Din inherits Edessa

1147

Second Crusade launched

1148

Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine arrive in Antioch, fail to seize Damascus from Muin ad-Din

1149

Raymond of Antioch killed at the Battle of Inab

1152

Baldwin III defeats Melisende in a civil war

Marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII annulled

Eleanor marries Henry Plantagenet

1153

Constance of Antioch marries Reynald de Chtillon

1154

Nur ad-Din takes control of Damascus from Mujir ad-Din and marries Ismat ad-Din Khatoun

1157

Amalric I marries Agnes of Courtenay

1158

Baldwin III marries Theodora Komnene, niece of Emperor Manuel Komnenos

~1160

Birth of Sibylla, daughter of Amalric I and