Cahill - The Gifts of the Jews: How a Tribe of Desert Nomads Changed the Way Everyone Thinks and Feels

P UBLISHED BY N AN A. T ALESE / A NCHOR B OOKS
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Book design by Marysarah Quinn
Maps by Jackie Aher

The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition of this book as follows:
Cahill, Thomas.
The Gifts of the Jews: how a tribe of desert nomads changed the way everyone thinks and feels / Thomas Cahill.
p. cm. (The hinges of history: vol. 2)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. JudaismHistoryTo 70 A.D . 2. JewsHistoryTo 70 A.D . 3. Bible. O.T.History of Biblical events. 4. CivilizationJewish influences. I. Title. II. Series: Cahill, Thomas. Hinges of history: vol. 2.

BM165.C25 1998
909.04924DC21 97-45139
CIP

eISBN: 978-0-307-75511-7
Copyright 1998 by Thomas Cahill
All Rights Reserved
First Nan A. Talese/Anchor Books
Paperback Edition: September 1999

v3.1

A caravan of Semitic traders of the patriarchal period, painted by an Egyptian artist for a tomb at Beni-hasan c. 1900 B.C.

A caravan of Semitic traders of the patriarchal period, painted by an Egyptian artist for a tomb at Beni-hasan c. 1900 B.C. The figure leading the procession (just after the two Egyptian officials pictured at right) wears a coat of many colors, as does Joseph in the Book of Genesis.

TO KRISTIN

How but in custom and in ceremony
Are innocence and beauty born?
Ceremonys a name for the rich horn,
And custom for the spreading laurel tree.

Everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the power of the world always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood and so it is in everything where power moves.

BLACK ELK

Unless there is
a new mind there cannot be a new
line, the old will go on
repeating itself with recurring
deadliness: without invention
nothing lies under the witch-hazel
bush.

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS

I NTRODUCTION

The Jews Are It

T he Jews started it alland by it I mean so many of the things we care about, the underlying values that make all of us, Jew and gentile, believer and atheist, tick. Without the Jews, we would see the world through different eyes, hear with different ears, even feel with different feelings. And not only would our sensorium, the screen through which we receive the world, be different: we would think with a different mind, interpret all our experience differently, draw different conclusions from the things that befall us. And we would set a different course for our lives.

By we I mean the usual we of late-twentieth-century writing: the people of the Western world, whose peculiar but vital mentality has come to infect every culture on earth, so that, in a startlingly precise sense, all humanity is now willy-nilly caught up in this we. For better or worse, the role of the West in humanitys history is singular. Because of this, the role of the Jews, the inventors of Western culture, is also singular: there is simply no one else remotely like them; theirs is a unique vocation. Indeed, as we shall see, the very idea of vocation, of a personal destiny, is a Jewish idea.

Our history is replete with examples of those who have refused to see what the Jews are really about, whothrough intellectual blindness, racial chauvinism, xenophobia, or just plain evilhave been unable to give this oddball tribe, this raggle-taggle band, this race of wanderers who are the progenitors of the Western world, their due. Indeed, at the end of this bloodiest of centuries, we can all too easily look back on scenes of unthinkable horror perpetrated by those who would do anything rather than give the Jews their due.

But I must ask my readers to erase from their minds not only the horrors of historymodern, medieval, and ancientbut (so far as one can) the very notion of history itself. More especially, we must erase from our minds all the suppositions on which our world is builtthe whole intricate edifice of actions and ideas that are our intellectual and emotional patrimony. We must reimagine ourselves in the form of humanity that lived and moved on this planet before the first word of the Bible was written down, before it was spoken, before it was even dreamed.

W hat a bizarre phenomenon the first human mutants must have appeared upon the earth. Like their primate progenitors, they were long-limbed and rangy, but, with unimpressive muscles and without significant fur or claws, confined to the protection of trees, save when they would tentatively essay the floor of the savannahhoping to obtain food without becoming food. With their small mouths and underdeveloped teeth, their unnaturally large heads (like the heads of primate infants), they were forced back on their wits. Their young remained helpless for years, well past the infancy of other mammals, requiring from their parents long years of vigilance and extensive tutelage in many things. Without planning and forethought, without in fact the development of complex strategies, these mutants could not hope to survive at all.

But if we make use of what hints remain in the prehistorical and protohistorical record, we must come to the unexpected conclusion that their inventions and discoveries, made in aid of their survival and prosperitytools and fire, then agriculture and beasts of burden, then irrigation and the wheeldid not seem to them innovations. These were gifts from beyond the world, somehow part of the Eternal. All evidence points to there having been, in the earliest religious thought, a vision of the cosmos that was profoundly cyclical. The assumptions that early man made about the world were, in all their essentials, little different from the assumptions that later and more sophisticated societies, like Greece and India, would make in a more elaborate manner. As Henri-Charles Puech says of Greek thought in his seminal Man and Time: No event is unique, nothing is enacted but once ; every event has been enacted, is enacted, and will be enacted perpetually; the same individuals have appeared, appear, and will appear at every turn of the circle.