Anu Mänd - Making Livonia: Actors and Networks in the Medieval and Early Modern Baltic Sea Region

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MAKING LIVONIA

The region called Livonia (corresponding to modern Estonia and Latvia) emerged out of the rapid transformation caused by the conquest, Christianisation and colonisation on the north-east shore of the Baltic Sea in the late twelfth and the early thirteenth centuries. These radical changes have received increasing scholarly notice over the last few decades. However, less attention has been devoted to the interplay between the new and the old structures and actors in a longer perspective.

This volume aims to study these interplays and explores the history of Livonia by concentrating on various actors and networks from the late twelfth to the seventeenth century. But, on a deeper level, the goal is more ambitious: to investigate the foundation of an increasingly complex and heterogeneous society on the medieval and early modern Baltic frontier the making of Livonia.

Anu Mnd is Head of the Centre for Medieval Studies at Tallinn University.

Marek Tamm is Professor of Cultural History at Tallinn University.

MAKING LIVONIA

Actors and Networks in the Medieval and Early Modern Baltic Sea Region

Edited by Anu Mnd and Marek Tamm

First published 2020

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2020 selection and editorial matter, Anu Mnd and Marek Tamm; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Mand, Anu, editor. | Tamm, Marek, editor.

Title: Making Livonia: actors and networks in the medieval and early modern Baltic Sea Region/edited by Anu Mand and Marek Tamm.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020005619 (print) | LCCN 2020005620 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367273095 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367481285 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429296000 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: LivoniaHistory.

Classification: LCC DK500.L57 M35 2020 (print) | LCC DK500.L57 (ebook) | DDC 947.98/03dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005619

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005620

ISBN: 978-0-367-27309-5 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-367-48128-5 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-29600-0 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo

by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India

Contents

Marek Tamm and Anu Mnd

PART I
Early making of Livonia (thirteenthfourteenth centuries)

Marek Tamm

Marika Mgi

Kersti Markus

Linda Kaljundi

Wojtek Jezierski

Anti Selart

Juhan Kreem

Tiina Kala

PART II
Late making of Livonia (fifteenthseventeenth centuries)

Tapio Salminen

Gustavs Strenga

Ilkka Leskel

Anu Mnd

Ivar Leimus

Krista Kodres

Alan V. Murray

The family network of Bishop Albert of Riga: members of his family active in Livonia. Based on Gnegel-Waitschies 1958: 323; Hucker 1989: 59; Trper 2015: 6989. Drawn by Anu Printsmann

Purtse Tarakallas hillfort. Archives of the National Heritage Board of Estonia. Photo by Ants Kraut and Tanel Moora (2013)

Reconstruction of the ground plan of the original St Michaels round church in Schleswig. Drawn by Jens Vellev

Bishop Adalbert, praying in front of a round church. Detail on the bronze doors of the Gniezno Cathedral, 117080. Photo by Kersti Markus, edited by Henri Papson

Ground plan of the Sels church. After Danmarks kirker II, vol. 4, 1975, Fig. 3

The church of Ols in the northern part of Bornholm island. Photo by Kersti Markus

Ground plan of the Store Heddinge church. Round arched niche above the apse, which may have represented the tomb of Christ, is marked with the arrow. After Danmarks kirker VI, vol. 1, 193335, Fig. 3

Interior of the octagon of the church of the Holy Spirit in Visby. Photo by Kersti Markus

The seal of the Danish Toompea fortress in Tallinn from 1345. After Toll and Sachssendahl 1887, Pl. XIV: 45. Drawn by Henri Papson

Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra gentiles, lib. 1. Parchment fragment on the front cover of the volume of Tallinn town council minutes from 163132. TLA, coll. 230, l. 1, no. Ab 47

Romanus Orsini de Roma, Commentaria in scriptum de Sentenciis, Prooemium. Parchment fragment on the front cover of the volume of Tallinn town council minutes from 160506. TLA, coll. 230, l. 1, no. Ab 32

Entrance to Viants house, now Tallinn City Museum, Vene St. 17. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

View of the hall (diele) of Vene St. 17. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Corbel in the hall with the house marks of Hans Viant and his wife Kerstine Bretholt. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Internal door lintel with the inscription An[n]o xvc xiii hans viant and arms of alliance where the house marks of Viant and his wife are conjoined. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Capital of a window mullion from Viants house with the house marks of Viant and Bretholt and with the inscription anno xvc x (in the year 1510). Carved Stone Museum, Tallinn. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Corbel with a bust of a male figure, c. 1513, from Viants house. Tallinn City Museum. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Holy Kinship altarpiece, Brussels, c. 150010. Niguliste Museum, Tallinn. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Viants house mark and an unidentified house mark on the back panel of the Holy Kinship altarpiece. Photo by Stanislav Stepashko

Paul Guldens mark on the coins from Tallinn (1560) and Riga (together with that of Marten Wulff, 1575). Estonian History Museum. Photos by Ivar Leimus

Family portrait of Tallinn merchant and town councillor Johann Mller. Fragment from the epitaph (destroyed) in St Nicholas Church in Tallinn, 1637. Art Historical Photography Collection of Tartu University

Dwelling in Tallinn, Kuninga St. 1. Architecture from the late fifteenth century, paintings (Salvator Mundi, Throne of Grace and the four Evangelists) from c. 1550. Photo by Peeter Sre

Tree-shaped window column ( la Philibert de LOrme) with the coats of arms of the owners, Ebert Dellinghausen and Elisabeth Stampehl, in the living room at Pikk St. 53/Vaimu St. 2. Stone carver Winant Nacke, 1676. Photo by Peeter Sre

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