International Society in the Early Twentieth Century Asia-Pacific
Concentrating on the rivalry between the formal and informal empires of Great Britain, Japan and the United States of America, this book examines how regional relations were negotiated in Asia and the Pacific during the interwar years.
A range of international organizations including the League of Nations and the Institute of Pacific Relations, as well as internationally minded intellectuals in various countries, intersected with each other, forming a type of regional governance in the Asia-Pacific. This system transformed itself as post-war decolonization accelerated and the United States entered as a major power in the region. This was further reinforced by big foundations, including Carnegie, Rockefeller and Ford. This book sheds light on the circumstances leading to the collapse of formal empires in the Asia-Pacific alongside hitherto unknown aspects of the regions transnational history.
A valuable resource for students and scholars of the twentieth century history of the Asia-Pacific region, and of twentieth century internationalism.
Hiroo Nakajima is Professor in the Osaka School of International Public Policy at Osaka University, Japan.
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Tomoko Akami is Associate Professor (Reader) in the College of Asia and the Pacific at Australian National University, Australia.
Jon Thares Davidann is Professor of History at Hawaii Pacific University, Hawaii.
Izumi Hirobe is Professor in the Faculty of Political Economy at Meiji University, Japan.
Seiko Mimaki is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Economics at Takasaki City University of Economics, Japan.
Hiroo Nakajima is Professor in the Osaka School of International Public Policy at Osaka University, Japan.
Nobuyuki Nakamura is Part-time Lecturer in the Institute of Liberal Arts at Otemon Gakuin University, Japan.
Yutaka Sasaki is Professor in the Faculty of Foreign Studies, Kyoto University of Foreign Studies, Japan.
Yoshie Takamitsu is Associate Professor in the Graduate School of Global and Transdisciplinary Studies at Chiba University, Japan.
This book is based upon my research project generously supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number 15H03320. It was a four-year project that started in April 2015 and culminated in the workshop held at Osaka University in December 2018. The project brought together strenuous researchers on the history of the Asia-Pacific from North America, Australia, and Hawaii as well as Japan as the chapters included, I believe, amply demonstrates. I would also like to thank Ryoko Iechika, Masato Karashima, and Masaki Fujioka who participated in one of the workshops and shared with us their deep understanding of the issues concerned: Professor Iechika on the China Institute of Pacific Relations, Professor Karashima on Japanese Asia experts, and Mr. Fujioka on the foundation-university nexus in the United States. In addition, thanks to Professor Ken Ishida, Takeshi Ishida, Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo, kindly shared his memories of conferences that Chapter 7 deals with.
The project has been closely related to the activities of Global History Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) at Osaka University as well. I am grateful to its director Shigeru Akita who also took part in the above December 2018 workshop. Owing to my affiliation with Professor Akitas various global history initiatives, I was fortunate enough to present a part of my chapter in Nodes, Networks, Orders: Three Global History Workshops on Transformative Connectivity held in Leiden on April 2022, 2017, which celebrated the fortieth anniversary of Itinerario, a leading journal on transnational and global history.
Simon Bates, editor at Routledge, and Jacy Hui, editorial assistant there, showed me what professional editing is with their devotion and kindness.
Last but not least, a special thanks to all the contributors who devotedly cooperated with me through the course of the research and to Professor Sayuri Shimizu Guthrie who tried her best to contribute when COVID-19 devastated Texas in the summer of 2020.
Hiroo Nakajima
This is a book about the emergence, decline, and regeneration of international society in the Asia-Pacific
Echoing recent cultural turn in international history and a call on more transnational and global history, there exist important contributions to our understanding of twentieth-century international society. For example, Daniel Gormans Emergence of International Society in the 1920s forcefully demonstrates that the origins of the present global governance emerged right after World War I. It is one of the innovative representatives in the new field. Michael R. Auslins