Andrew Lawler - Under Jerusalem: The Buried History of the Worlds Most Contested City
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- Book:Under Jerusalem: The Buried History of the Worlds Most Contested City
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- Publisher:Doubleday
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- Year:2021
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Under Jerusalem: The Buried History of the Worlds Most Contested City: summary, description and annotation
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A sweeping tale of archaeological exploits and their cultural and political consequences told with a historians penchant for detail and a journalists flair for narration.
Washington Post
In 1863, a French senator arrived in Jerusalem hoping to unearth relics dating to biblical times. Digging deep underground, he discovered an ancient grave that, he claimed, belonged to an Old Testament queen. News of his find ricocheted around the world, evoking awe and envy alike, and inspiring others to explore Jerusalems storied past.
In the century and a half since the Frenchman broke ground, Jerusalem has drawn a global cast of fortune seekers and missionaries, archaeologists and zealots, all of them eager to extract the biblical past from beneath the citys streets and shrines. Their efforts have had profound effects, not only on our understanding of Jerusalems history, but on its hotly disputed present. The quest to retrieve ancient Jewish heritage has sparked bloody riots and thwarted international peace agreements. It has served as a cudgel, a way to stake a claim to the most contested city on the planet. Today, the earth below Jerusalem remains a battleground in the struggle to control the city above.
Under Jerusalem takes readers into the tombs, tunnels, and trenches of the Holy City. It brings to life the indelible characters who have investigated this subterranean landscape. With clarity and verve, acclaimed journalist Andrew Lawler reveals how their pursuit has not only defined the conflict over modern Jerusalem, but could provide a map for two peoples and three faiths to peacefully coexist.
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The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke
Why Did the Chicken Cross the World?: The Epic Saga of the Bird That Powers Civilization
Copyright 2021 by Andrew Lawler
All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Doubleday, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, and distributed in Canada by Penguin Random House Canada Limited, Toronto.
www.doubleday.com
DOUBLEDAY and the portrayal of an anchor with a dolphin are registered trademarks of Penguin Random House LLC.
Cover photographs: (top) Gianluca Fazio / Moment / Getty Images; (bottom) Noam Chen
Cover design by Emily Mahon
Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lawler, Andrew, author.
Title: Under Jerusalem : the buried history of the worlds most contested city / Andrew Lawler.
Description: First edition. | New York : Doubleday, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2021004655 (print) | LCCN 2021004656 (ebook) | ISBN 9780385546850 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780593311769 (trade paperback) | ISBN 9780385546867 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH : Excavations (Archaeology)Jerusalem. | JerusalemHistory. | JerusalemAntiquities.
Classification: LCC DS 109.9 . L 38 2021 (print) | LCC DS 109.9 (ebook) | DDC 956.94/42dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021004655
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021004656
Ebook ISBN9780385546867
ep_prh_5.8.0_c0_r0
For JoAnn Clayton-Townsend
19352020
I will not cease from mental fight,
Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand
Till we have built Jerusalem
In Englands green and pleasant land.
William Blake
Who has ever seen Jerusalem naked?
Not even archaeologists;
Jerusalem never gets completely undressed
But always puts on new houses over the shabby and broken ones.
Yehuda Amichai
Is it from a dimly lit stone that wars flare up?
Mahmoud Darwish
| Circa 3000 BCE | The first homes and rock-cut tombs are constructed near Jerusalems pulsating spring. |
| Circa 1700 BCE | Massive stone fortifications, pools, and channels are built around the spring. |
| Circa 950 BCE | Israelites conquer the city from Jebusites; Jerusalem becomes the capital of Judea. |
| 586 BCE | After a prosperous era, a Babylonian army destroys Jerusalem and, with it, the temple attributed to Solomon. |
| 516 BCE | The temple is rebuilt under Persian domination, but Jerusalem is slow to recover. |
| 332 BCE | Captured by Alexander the Greats army, the city falls under Hellenistic rule. |
| 141 BCE | Judeans expel the Seleucid Empire garrison, and local Hasmonean rule begins. |
| 63 BCE | The Roman general Pompey the Great conquers Jerusalem; Roman rule begins. |
| 37 BCE | Aided by Romans, Herod the Great ousts Parthian invaders and secures the throne. |
| 20 BCE | Herod begins a major renovation of the temple complex. |
| Circa 34 CE | Jesus is crucified under the rule of the Roman governor Pontius Pilate. |
| 66 CE | Riots in Judea lead to rebellion against Rome; civil war envelops Jerusalem. |
| 70 CE | A Roman army besieges and destroys the city. |
| 130 CE | The Roman emperor Hadrian rebuilds and rebrands Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina. |
| 335 CE | The Holy Sepulchre, built at the order of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great, is consecrated. |
| 637 CE | Following a brief Persian occupation, the city, now known as Aelia, is conquered by Muslim forces. |
| 691 CE | Under Umayyad rulers, the Dome of the Rock is built on the citys ruined acropolis; soon after the nearby al-Aqsa Mosque is completed. |
| 1099 CE | At the urging of Pope Urban II, European Christian Crusaders seize Jerusalem. |
| 1187 CE | Saladin, the Ayyubid dynasty founder, defeats the Crusaders and returns the city, now known as al-Quds, to Muslim control. |
| 1260 CE | After Mongol raids, Egyptian Mamluks take charge. |
| 1516 CE | The Turkish-speaking Ottomans incorporate Jerusalem into their expanding empire, based in Istanbul. |
| 1530s CE | Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds the city walls and creates a courtyard at the acropoliss western wall. |
| 1831 CE | Muhammad Ali Pashas Egyptian forces capture Jerusalem; European travelers are welcomed. |
| 1838 CE | Britain appoints its first foreign consul in Jerusalem; Edward Robinson visits and launches the citys first biblical research effort. |
| 1840 CE | Ottomans reconquer Jerusalem and permit the opening of additional consulates. |
| 1863 CE | Louis-Flicien Joseph Caignart de Saulcy conducts the citys first archaeological dig, prompting Jewish outrage. |
| 1865 CE | The Palestine Exploration Fund is founded in London; Charles Wilson completes his survey of the city. |
| 1867 CE | Charles Warren begins his underground excavations; Mark Twain visits with an American tour group. |
| 1883 CE | Conrad Schick conducts a Russian-sponsored Holy Sepulchre dig to confirm the sites authenticity. |
| 1897 CE | Frederick J. Blisss dig identifies the elusive City of David. |
| 1911 CE | Montagu Brownlow Parkers effort to find the Ark of the Covenant under the Dome of the Rock leads to riots. |
| 1913 CE | On the eve of World War I, Raymond Weill seeks both the Ark of the Covenant and Davids tomb. |
| 1917 CE | British forces, under General Edmund Allenby, oust the Ottomans from Jerusalem. |
| 1929 CE | Tension at the Wailing/al-Buraq Wall sets off Jewish-Arab riots. |
| 1935 CE | Amid increasing Jewish immigration, Arabs revolt against British rule in Palestine. |
| 1948 CE | The British withdraw, Israel is created, and war breaks out between Arabs and the new state; the Jewish Quarter is damaged in fighting. |
| 1949 CE | The battered city is partitioned between Jordan and Israel, which makes West Jerusalem its capital. |
| 1967 CE | In the Six-Day War, Israel conquers East Jerusalem and then demolishes the Mughrabi Quarter. |
| 1968 CE | Israeli excavations begin near the Temple Mount, in the Jewish Quarter, and, secretly, next to the Western Wall. |
| 1981 CE | Yigal Shilohs dig leads to Jewish riots; Rabbi Yehuda Getz hunts for the Ark of the Covenant under the Temple Mount. |
| 1987 CE | The first Palestinian intifada breaks out; the Western Wall Tunnel is nearly complete. |
| 1993 CE | As President Bill Clinton is inaugurated, the Oslo peace talks between Israelis and Palestinians begin. |
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