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C. Cooper King - The Story of the British Army

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Book:
The Story of the British Army
Author:
C Cooper King
Publisher:
anboco
Genre:
Books / History
Year:
2016
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THE STORY
OF
THE BRITISH ARMY

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

Map and Plan Drawing
History of Berkshire
George Washington
The British Army

ALSO EDITOR OF
Great Campaigns in Europe

FIELD MARSHAL THE RIGHT HON. VISCOUNT WOLSELEY, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., &C., &C.

From a Photograph by Werner & Son, Dublin

THE STORY
OF
THE BRITISH ARMY

BY
Lieut.-Colonel
C. COOPER KING, F.G.S.

WITH PLANS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

METHUEN & CO.
36 ESSEX STREET, W.C.
LONDON
1897

IN TOKEN OF A LENGTHENED FRIENDSHIP
I DEDICATE THIS STORY
OF
HER MAJESTYS ARMY
TO
ITS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
F.-M. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
VISCOUNT WOLSELEY, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

PREFACE

I have endeavoured in the space at my disposal to show how the British Army has grown up. I have tried merely to tell a story, and therefore omitted much that might have been said regarding the noble work the Queens Army has done. As regards the opinions advanced, I have always, as far as possible, given the reasons for my views and the authorities which induced me to form them.

I have adhered to the principle of using the old regimental numbers, for the sake of continuity; though, after the date when these were altered, I have, in most cases, added their present territorial titles.

I wish to express my great appreciation of the courtesy of the Colonel and the Officers of the Lancashire Fusiliers (20th), South Wales Borderers (24th), and the Prince of Waless Own (West Yorkshire) Regiment (14th), in allowing me to sketch the uniforms of their men from the interesting histories of their respective regiments, and to E. C. Brett, Esq., for permitting me to copy the suits of armour that I have chosen as types from his fathers magnificent volume on Arms and Armour.

Kingsclear, Camberley ,
March 1897.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAP.	PAGE
I.	The Army of the Peopleto 1100
II.	The Army of the Noblesto 1500
III.	The Puritan Host
IV.	The Army of the Kingto 1701
V.	Marlborough and his Mento 1714
VI.	The Embers of the Civil Warto 1755
VII.	The Army in Americato 1793
VIII.	The Army at Seato 1815
IX.	The Peninsular Army : (a) Its Making17931808
X.	The Peninsular Army : (b) Its Training18081811
XI.	The Peninsular Army : (c) Its Reward18111814
XII.	The Army in the NetherlandsWaterloo, 1815
XIII.	The Army after the Long PeaceThe Crimea, 1854
XIV.	The Army in India : (a) The East India Company, Its Rise16001825
XV.	The Army in India : (b) The Fall of the Company and Afterwards18251858
XVI.	The Army in India : (c) The Army of the Queen-Empress18581896
XVII.	The Army in the Far East18191875
XVIII.	The Army in South and West Africa18341836
XIX.	The Army in North Africa18671896
XX.	The Army as it is
Appendix I. The Principal Campaigns and Battles of the British Army since 1658
Appendix II. The List of Regiments with their Present and Former Titles
Appendix III. List of Badges, Mottoes, and Nicknames of the Army
Index

LIST OF MAPS, PLANS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS

LEADERS

PAGE

Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G. , etc.

The Duke of Marlborough (from an old print)

The Duke of Wellington

ARMOUR

Norman (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

Plate Armour , circa 1500

Plate Armour at Barnet , 1471

Half Armour , 1640

UNIFORMS

Private Soldier, 14th Regiment, 1712

Private Soldier, 24th Regiment, 1751

Private Soldier, 14th Regiment, 1792

Private Soldier, 20th Regiment, 1812

Private Soldier, 24th Regiment, 1840

Officer, Light Company, 20th Regiment, 1853

Private Soldier, 14th Regiment, 1864

Private Soldier, 24th Regiment, 1879

BATTLES

The Lines of Battle at Barnet , 1471

The Lines of Battle at Naseby , 1645

The Lines of Battle at Blenheim , 1704

The Lines of Battle at Waterloo , 1815

The Lines of Battle at Tel el Kebir , 1882

GENERAL MAPS

England and Wales

Hastings

Quebec

Spanish Peninsula

Salamanca

Belgium and Waterloo

Crimea

India

ARMS

Muskets, etc.

Field Artillery

Spears and Swords

THE STORY
OF
THE BRITISH ARMY

CHAPTER I
THE ARMY OF THE PEOPLETO 1100

All nations have passed, more or less, through the same stages in the up-growth of that military system which is as essential to the political security of the mass as the formation of a police force is necessary for the protection of the individual in civil life. From the outset, the history of human existence has been one of combat.

First, in the earliest of primeval days, archaic man had to contend with mammoth, cave bear, and all the host of extinct mammals primarily for food, and then for safety when the need for clearing them away became more and more apparent as population increased. With this increase in numbers grew also the instinctive hostility between man and man. The desire for conquest is one of his strongest attributes. The stronger has always tried to make the weaker subservient; and as time went on, that desire was accentuated by the wish to possess the women or slavesthe terms were then synonymousof the weaker family.

It was no mere poetic statement, therefore, that the head of a patriarchal household felt safe with a body of stalwart sons, and was not afraid to speak with his enemy in the gate. That old-world text tells volumes, behind which lie sinister pages and details of family feud and rapine.

But families segregated together and became tribes; these in their turn formed clans under a general head, and this led to the further development of inter-tribal and clannish contest, of which the greater wars of the present time are the natural outcome.

Still, throughout all this pre-historic or semi-historic time, there was no organisation of what is called an army. Every able-bodied male was bound to join in the defence of his poor village or district, or, on the other hand, to acquiesce in the general desire of a more courageous or dominant group, and share in the attack on, and despoiling of, some other group weaker or richer than itself. A king of men, a stronger soul, a man with more ambition or more boundless energy than his compeers, carried his fellows, by the divine right of leadership, to war. Except as a consequence of his greater bravery, he stood in no one place higher than those he led. The fighting was individual. There were no tactics; there was no systematic military organisation. All fought singly, with a view to the common end of success.

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