John Lescott-Leszczynski - The History of U.S. Ethnic Policy and Its Impact on European Ethnics
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Ethnic considerations have often played a part in the development of U.S. public policy, even for policies not directly targeting ethnic groups. This book surveys the impact of specific legislation on ethnics, particularly European ethnics, from a historical perspective. Its primary focus, however, is the contemporary body of legislation and regulation based on the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which laid the foundation for a conscious and comprehensive racial and ethnic policy intended to aid disadvantaged minorities.One of the major outcomes of the 1964 act was the implementation of affirmative action programs, mandated by the federal government for its own agencies, for federally funded institutions, and for private enterprise. Implementation depended on data collection based on federally developed racial and ethnic categories. Because European ethnics were not included as an identifiable category, many, discovered Dr. Lescott-Leszczynski, felt that preferential treatment for certain other ethnic groups operated to their disadvantage; ethnic tension inevitably resulted.Through a systematic review of laws, executive orders, federal agency directives, and related jurisprudence, Dr. Lescott-Leszczynski conveys the extent to which social change has been effected by ethnic policies and explores the ways in which ethnic policy develops, how it is expressed, how it is implemented, and how it is challenged.
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The History of U.S. Ethnic Policy and Its Impact on European Ethnics
Westview Replica Editons
The concept of Westview Replica Editions is a response to the continuing crisis in academic and informational publishing. Library budgets for books have been severely curtailed. Ever larger portions of general library budgets are being diverted from the purchase of books and used for data banks, computers, micromedia, and other methods of information retrieval. Interlibrary loan structures further reduce the edition sizes required to satisfy the needs of the scholarly community. Economic pressures on the university presses and the few private scholarly publishing companies have severely limited the capacity of the industry to properly serve the academic and research communities. As a result, many manuscripts dealing with important subjects, often representing the highest level of scholarship, are no longer economically viable publishing projectsor, if accepted for publication, are typically subject to lead times ranging from one to three years.
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About the Book and Author
The History of U.S. Ethnic Policy
and Its Impact on European Ethnics
John Lescott-Leszczynski
and Its Impact on European Ethnics
John Lescott-Leszczynski
Ethnic considerations have often played a part in the development of U.S. public policy, even for policies not directly targeting ethnic groups. This book surveys the impact of specific legislation on ethnics, particularly European ethnics, from a historical perspective. Its primary focus, however, is the contemporary body of legislation and regulation based on the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which laid the foundation for a conscious and comprehensive racial and ethnic policy intended to aid disadvantaged minorities.
One of the major outcomes of the 1964 act was the implementation of affirmative action programs, mandated by the federal government for its own agencies, for federally funded institutions, and for private enterprise. Implementation depended on data collection based on federally developed racial and ethnic categories. Because European ethnics were not included as an identifiable category, many, discovered Dr. Lescott-Leszczynski, felt that preferential treatment for certain other ethnic groups operated to their disadvantage; ethnic tension inevitably resulted.
Through a systematic review of laws, executive orders, federal agency directives, and related jurisprudence, Dr. Lescott-Leszczynski conveys the extent to which social change has been effected by ethnic policies and explores the ways in which ethnic policy develops, how it is expressed, how it is implemented, and how it is challenged.
Dr. Lescott-Leszczynski is a researcher with the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. His writings include Urbanization and Social Transformation in Polish Villages and a collection of oral histories of ethnics in Nevada.
The History of U.S. Ethnic Policy and Its Impact on European Ethnics
John Lescott-Leszczynski
First published 1984 by Westview Press, Inc.
Published 2019 by Routledge
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52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 1984 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Lescott-Leszczynski. John. 1937
The history of U.S. ethnic policy and its impact on European ethnics.
(A Westview replica edition)
Bibliography: p.
1. European AmericansGovernment policy. 2. European AmericansCivil rights. 3. Civil rightsUnited States. I. Title.
E184.E95L47 1984 323.1'73 84-2305
Lescott-Leszczynski. John. 1937
The history of U.S. ethnic policy and its impact on European ethnics.
(A Westview replica edition)
Bibliography: p.
1. European AmericansGovernment policy. 2. European AmericansCivil rights. 3. Civil rightsUnited States. I. Title.
E184.E95L47 1984 323.1'73 84-2305
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29282-9 (hbk)
Contents
- Chapter 1
ETHNIC POLICY THROUGH WORLD WAR I - Chapter 2
ETHNIC POLICY BEFORE AND FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II - Chapter 3
IMPACT OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ON ETHNIC AMERICA - Chapter 4
ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION POLICY - Chapter 5
ETHNICITY AND HOUSING POLICY - Chapter 6
ETHNICITY AND EMPLOYMENT AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES - Chapter 7
CONCLUSIONS - APPENDIX
"Affirmative Action in the 1980s: Dismantling the Process of Discrimination" (Clearinghouse Publication 65, January 1981)
- ii
- iii
Guide
The dynamics of United States ethnic policy can be analyzed through a systematic review of legislation, Executive Orders, federal agency directives, and related jurisprudence. The year 1964 is a milestone year in ethnic policy. The 1964 Civil Rights Act marks the beginning of a move to depict American society as culturally pluralist, and not merely a blend of many cultures. It also marks the first sweeping involvement of the federal government into civic life on behalf of selected racial and ethnic minorities. A corollary of this involvement has been an official "segmentation" of American society into "minority" and "non-minority" categories, with members of designated minority groups receiving particular benefits that grew out of the federal government's attempts to move them into an upward mobility pattern. At times, this has caused heightening of ethnic tensions.
Trauma and excitement were ingredients of American social policy during the 1960s. The new civil rights legislation, the liberal mood of a nation which sought to make amends for prior discrimination, and the aggressive political behavior of black leaders provided a legal, political, and moral base for ethnic policy of the past two decades. The black civil rights movement sparked the self-awareness of European ethnics through its strong affirmation of the "black power" and "black is beautiful" concepts. These concepts helped to lift taboos against ethnic self-identification.
The "new ethnicity" was ushered in, together with a new generation of sophisticated ethnic leaders who lost no time in reexamining ethnic penetration of American institutions or in scrutinizing public policy impact on ethnic groups. Many ethnic leaders turned their attention to the decaying urban neighborhoods traditional ethnic enclaves forming new, pluralist coalitions in an effort to preserve them. The ways in which attitudes toward ethnics were established through curriculum materials used in the public school system also came under scrutiny, as did other aspects of education policy.
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