Simon Mabon - The Origins of ISIS: The Collapse of Nations and Revolution in the Middle East

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Simon Mabon is Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Lancaster. He is the author of Saudi Arabia and Iran: Power and Rivalry in the Middle East (I.B.Tauris, 2016).

Stephen Royle is a research fellow at the Richardson Institute, Lancaster University. He holds a PhD from Lancaster University and is the author of Islamic Development in Palestine: A Comparative Study (2016).

Using exclusive on-the-ground research, Mabon and Royle reveal the real root causes behind the emergence of Islamic State and shed new light on the situation in Iraq. This book should be required reading for the incoming Secretary of State.

Hassan Hassan, author of ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror

This is a timely and useful addition to the literature on the 2003 Iraq War, the subsequent dislocation of state-society relations, and security vacuum in which ISIS has risen to dominate national, regional and international security agendas. Simon Mabon and Stephen Royle chart the political organisation of Iraq and ISIS, sectarianism, and the rising human costs associated with the brutality of the militant group. They should be commended for tackling a difficult and complex subject with appropriate gusto.

Robert Mason, Middle East Studies Center, American University in Cairo

THE ORIGINS
OF ISIS

THE COLLAPSE OF NATIONS AND
REVOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

SIMON MABON AND
STEPHEN ROYLE

Published in 2017 by

I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd

London New York

www.ibtauris.com

Copyright 2017 Simon Mabon and Stephen Royle

The right of Simon Mabon and Stephen Royle to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by the authors in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Every attempt has been made to gain permission for the use of the images in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in future editions.

References to websites were correct at the time of writing.

ISBN: 978 1 78453 696 1

eISBN: 978 1 78672 148 8

ePDF: 978 1 78673 148 7

A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available

We dedicate this book to the people of Iraq
whose struggle is in our hearts.

Contents

List of Illustrations

Maps

The Middle East

Iraq and areas of ISIS presence

Graphs

Number of incidents in Babil province between July 2014 and February 2015.

Attack targets and estimated casualty numbers during the period July 2014 to February 2015.

Number of incidents in Babil province between August 2014 and June 2015.

Figure

Parameters for Stability by Promoting Self-Organisation in Iraq

List of Abbreviations

AAH	Asaib al-Haq
AOG	armed opposition group
AQAP	Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
AQI	Al Qaeda in Iraq
CPA	Coalition Provisional Authority
FMC	Fallujah Military Council
GAF	government aligned forces
GCC	Gulf Co-operation Council
HG	hand-grenade
IAI	Islamic Army of Iraq
IDF	indirect fire
IDP	internally displaced persons
IED	improvised explosive device
INIS	Iraqi National Intelligence Service
IOM	International Organization for Migration
IRGC	Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps
ISCI	Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
ISF	Iraqi security forces
ISI	Islamic State of Iraq
ISIL	Islamic State of Iraq and Levant
ISIS	Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham
JAM	Jaish al-Mahdi
JRTN	Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi
KDP	Kurdistan Democratic Party
KH	Kataib Hezbollah
MA	Mujahideen Army
MCTR	Military Council of the Tribal Revolutionaries
MSNS	Ministry of State for National Security Affairs
NGO	non-governmental organisation
ORHA	Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
PKK	Kurdistan Workers Party
PUK	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
QF	Quds Force
SAF	small arms fire
SVBIED	suicide vehicle attack
SVEST	suicide vest
UNAMI	United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
UNHCR	UN High Commissioner for Refugees
UNSCRUN	Security Resolution
UVIED	under vehicle improvised explosive device
VBIED	vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices
YBS	Sinjar Resistance Units
YPG	Peoples Protection Units

Acknowledgements

This book tells the story of the tragic struggle for survival in Iraq.

In attempting to tell this story we embarked on our own struggle and we would not have been able to complete it without the help of others. One of the most rewarding aspects of finishing work on a book is the ability to thank all those people who helped to make it possible. To this end, we would like to thank Major Saad Hamdani, General Kamil abu-Fahed al-Dulaymi, Major Basim Alwan, Colonel Saud Hamdani and Ahmed Asim Efan for facilitating our access to vital local knowledge and networks in Iraq. We are also grateful for the support received from Marcus d'Apice, Andreas Carleton-Smith, David Amos and John Harris. Nor can we forget Dragan Zivonjinovic from the University of Belgrade for providing a travelling researcher access to library resources.

At Lancaster, we must thank Ludovica Di Giorgi for her painstakingly thorough research assistance over the summer of 2015, which has proved invaluable. In addition, Grant Helm, Maria Louisa Engl Lopez and other Richardson Institute interns provided important assistance along the way; we are in your debt. We received helpful feedback from colleagues from a number of institutions across the UK but it would be invidious to list them all, for fear of missing anyone. Thank you to everyone who engaged in discussions with us about ideas in the book; you know who you are and we remain eternally grateful.

We would also like to thank all the staff at I.B.Tauris, especially Joanna Godfrey and Sophie Campbell whose patience made the process far more enjoyable. We must also thank Maria Marsh for helping to get the project off the ground. Finally, our families have provided us with unwavering support since embarking on this project and we could not have done it without you. Thank you!

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